【摘要】：碳酸鈣在土壤剖面中的含量、淀積深度是判定土壤發(fā)育程度的重要標志和區(qū)分土壤類型的重要指標,鈣積層更是土壤發(fā)育環(huán)境的信息庫,可以用其重建古氣候和古降水量。近年來隨著全球氣候的變化碳酸鹽又被賦予了新的意義。本文依據(jù)土壤碳酸鹽淋溶淀積和形成機制方面的研究,以黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、河北省、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)、北京和天津市等7個省(市、區(qū))為研究區(qū),通過野外調(diào)查,采集了處于不同氣候(降水量和溫度)條件的138個剖面和627個土壤發(fā)生層次的樣品,在室內(nèi)對采集土壤樣品的碳酸鈣含量等土壤理化性質(zhì)進行了分析,利用GIS、SPSS和Microsoft Excel技術(shù)和軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進行了處理,以《中國土壤系統(tǒng)分類檢索》(第3版)中有關(guān)土壤診斷層和診斷特性劃分標準為依據(jù),判定了鈣積層和石灰性等土壤診斷層和診斷特性,探討了土壤碳酸鈣含量、鈣積層出現(xiàn)的深度及厚度的空間分布規(guī)律。以期為土壤調(diào)查分類和土壤類型的確定提供理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果如下:(1)在調(diào)查的138個土壤剖面中,無石灰反應(yīng)的剖面數(shù)為61個,有石灰反應(yīng)無鈣積層形成的剖面數(shù)為42個,有鈣積層形成的剖面數(shù)為35個,分別占樣本總數(shù)的44.2%、30.4%和25.4%。鈣積層中碳酸鈣平均含量為171.8g/kg,最小值為61.8g/kg,最大值達到304.1 g/kg。土壤鈣積層通常形成在1 m深度范圍內(nèi),48.6%的土壤剖面鈣積層出現(xiàn)深度范圍為21～50 cm,平均出現(xiàn)深度為40 cm;鈣積層的厚度分布在13～91 cm,平均厚度為35 cm。(2)土壤碳酸鈣含量、鈣積層出現(xiàn)的深度及厚度在地理空間上有明顯的分布規(guī)律。無石灰反應(yīng)(土壤碳酸鈣淋洗徹底)的土壤剖面主要分布在嫩江、納河、阿榮旗、龍江、陽原、泰來、長嶺、科爾沁左旗后翼、庫倫旗、敖漢旗、灤平、逐鹿一線的以東以南地區(qū),該區(qū)域的年平均降水量為380mm～777mm,年平均溫度范圍為1℃～9℃;有石灰反應(yīng)無鈣積層的土壤剖面主要分布在嫩江、納河、里昂溪區(qū)、泰來、突泉、扎魯特旗、阿魯科爾沁旗、翁牛特旗、圍場、崇禮、和林格爾、伊金霍洛旗一線與嘉蔭、南岔區(qū)、通河、尚志、舒蘭、樺甸、柳河、新賓、臺安、建昌、寬城、興隆、易縣、阜平、原平、興縣一線之間的地區(qū),該區(qū)域的年平均降水量為334mm～963 mm,年平均溫度范圍為1℃～14℃;含鈣積層的土壤剖面主要分布在海倫、望奎、雙城、扶余、德惠、公主嶺、梨樹、科爾沁左翼右旗、奈曼旗、翁牛特旗、正藍旗、正鑲白旗、化德、察哈爾右翼后旗、和林格爾、磴口、巴音毛道一線以北以西地區(qū),該區(qū)域的年平均降水量為134mm～508 mm,年平均溫度范圍為3℃～7℃。(3)統(tǒng)計分析表明,土壤剖面中鈣積層碳酸鈣含量和鈣積層出現(xiàn)深度與年均降水量之間存在顯著的函數(shù)關(guān)系。其中,鈣積層中碳酸鈣含量x(g/kg)與年平均降水量y(mm)服從線性關(guān)系y =-0.4748x +334.83,(r = 0.634,P0.01,n = 35);鈣積層出現(xiàn)深度度x(mm)與年均降水量y(mm)之間符合如下冪函數(shù)關(guān)系:y = 138.88x~0.2893,(r =0.680,P0.01,n = 35)。
[Abstract]:The content of calcium carbonate in soil profile, deposition depth is an important indicator to determine the degree of soil development and to distinguish soil types. Calcium accumulation layer is the information base of soil development environment, which can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate and paleo-precipitation. In recent years, with the change of global climate, carbonate has been given new significance. Based on the study of leaching deposition and formation mechanism of soil carbonate, 7 provinces (cities, districts) of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Beijing and Tianjin were selected as the study area. Soil physical and chemical properties such as calcium carbonate content of collected soil samples were analyzed in laboratory, and GIS, was used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil collected from 138 profiles and 627 levels of soil genesis under different climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature). The data were processed by SPSS and Microsoft Excel techniques and software, based on the classification criteria of soil diagnosis and diagnosis in the third edition of China soil system Classification and Retrieval (3rd Edition). The diagnostic and diagnostic characteristics of calcareous layer and calcareous soil were determined, and the spatial distribution of calcium carbonate content, depth and thickness of calcareous layer was discussed. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the classification of soil investigation and the determination of soil types. The results are as follows: (1) in 138 soil profiles investigated, the number of sections without lime reaction is 61, that with lime reaction is 42, and that with calcium accumulation is 35. They accounted for 44.2%, 30.4% and 25.4% of the total samples, respectively. The average calcium carbonate content in calcium accumulation is 171.8 g / kg, the minimum value is 61.8 g / kg, and the maximum value is 304.1 g / kg 路kg ~ (- 1). Soil calcium accumulation is usually formed in the depth of 1 m, and 48.6% of soil profiles have a depth of 21 / 50 cm, with an average depth of 40 cm;. The average thickness of the calcareous layer is 35 cm. (2) in 13 ~ 91 cm,. The depth and thickness of the calcareous layer are obviously distributed in the geographical space. The soil profiles of non-lime reaction (thoroughly washed with calcium carbonate in soil) are mainly distributed in Nenjiang, Nahe, Arong Banner, Longjiang, Yangyuan, Tailai, Changling, Horqin left Banner, Kulun Banner, Aohan Banner, Luanping, The average annual precipitation is 380mm ~ 777mm and the annual average temperature ranges from 1 鈩，

本文編號：2432993