混合鹽脅迫下藜麥生理特性的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-27 10:21
【摘要】：全球各地區(qū)鹽堿化土地面積逐步增加,鹽堿脅迫已經(jīng)成為影響植物生長和作物產(chǎn)量的主要非生物脅迫。在自然狀態(tài)下,土壤中并非僅含有一種鹽分,往往是中性鹽和堿性鹽共存,稱為混合鹽脅迫。由于堿性鹽導致土壤pH升高,其危害程度要遠大于中性鹽脅迫,因此混合鹽對植物的影響及其抗性機制越來越受到人們關注。藜麥(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)是一種天然的安第斯山脈作物,因其具有多種用途并且含有豐富的營養(yǎng)而被廣泛研究。目前,關于藜麥的研究主要集中在中性鹽脅迫和干旱脅迫,有關混合鹽對藜麥生長的影響以及藜麥抵抗混合鹽的機制未得到廣泛關注。本研究試圖通過探究混合鹽脅迫下藜麥的光合特性、抗氧化機制和滲透調(diào)節(jié),分析出混合鹽對藜麥生長的影響,并且揭示藜麥抗混合鹽脅迫的生理機制。本研究以藜麥(品種Titicaca)為實驗材料,用不同濃度NaCl和NaHCO_3混合鹽(100、200、300、400和500 mmol·L-1)進行脅迫處理。測定相關生理指標:生長參數(shù)(RWC、RGR、R:S和FW:DW)、光合參數(shù)(光合色素、氣孔密度、gs、Pn、E和Ci)、抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT和MDA)以及滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量(陰陽離子、有機酸、脯氨酸和可溶性糖)。實驗結果表明:在適宜的混合鹽濃度下,藜麥具有較好的保水能力和適應鹽堿脅迫的能力;通過維持Mg2+含量來提高光合色素含量,氣孔導度的提高有效調(diào)節(jié)水分平衡和氣體交換,從而促進葉片光合作用,增加水分利用效率;較高的POD和CAT活性又能夠維持ROS的平衡,減少MDA的產(chǎn)生,保證細胞正常生理功能;離子的吸收以及有效區(qū)域化、有機酸所占百分比的調(diào)整、有機滲透物(脯氨酸和可溶性糖)積累都為低濃度混合鹽脅迫處理下藜麥的滲透調(diào)節(jié)作出重要貢獻。即使是在高濃度脅迫條件下,藜麥也能通過維持特定的生理代謝途徑維持植株存活。綜上所述,在適宜鹽堿條件下,藜麥通過提高抗氧化物酶活性,合成、積累無機離子、有機物質(zhì)來維持內(nèi)環(huán)境的水分平衡、pH的穩(wěn)定,提高光合速率,保證植株的正常生長、發(fā)育。本論文結果表明,藜麥具有一定耐鹽堿能力。
[Abstract]:Saline-alkali stress has become the main abiotic stress affecting plant growth and crop yield. In natural state, soil contains not only one kind of salt, but also neutral salt and alkaline salt, which is called mixed salt stress. The effect of mixed salt on plants and its resistance mechanism have been paid more and more attention due to the increase of pH in soil caused by alkaline salt, which is much greater than that of neutral salt stress. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Is a natural Andean crop, it is widely studied for its many uses and rich nutrition. At present, researches on quinoa mainly focus on neutral salt stress and drought stress, and the effect of mixed salt on the growth of quinoa and the mechanism of quinoa resistance to mixed salt have not been paid much attention. In this study, the photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant mechanism and osmotic regulation of quinoa under mixed salt stress were investigated, and the effects of mixed salt on the growth of quinoa were analyzed, and the physiological mechanism of quinoa resistance to mixed salt stress was revealed. In this study, quinoa (Titicaca) was treated with different concentrations of NaCl and NaHCO_3 mixed salt (100200300400 and 500mmol 路L-1). The physiological parameters were measured: growth parameters (RWC,RGR,R:S and FW:DW), photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic pigments, stomatal density, gs,Pn,E and Ci), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD,POD,). CAT and MDA) and osmotic regulators (anion and cation, organic acids, proline and soluble sugar). The results showed that quinoa had better water retention ability and ability to adapt to salt-alkali stress under the suitable mixed salt concentration. By maintaining Mg2 content, photosynthetic pigment content was increased and stomatal conductance was increased to effectively regulate water balance and gas exchange, thus promoting leaf photosynthesis and increasing water use efficiency. The higher activity of POD and CAT could maintain the balance of ROS, reduce the production of MDA and ensure the normal physiological function of cells. The absorption of ions and effective regionalization, the adjustment of the percentage of organic acids and the accumulation of organic osmotic substances (proline and soluble sugar) all contribute to the osmotic regulation of quinoa under low concentration mixed salt stress. Even under high concentrations of stress, quinoa can maintain a specific physiological and metabolic pathway to maintain plant survival. In conclusion, under the suitable saline-alkali conditions, quinoa maintains water balance in the internal environment by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, synthesizing, accumulating inorganic ions and organic substances, stabilizing pH, increasing photosynthetic rate and ensuring the normal growth of plants. Develop. The results of this paper show that quinoa has the ability of salt-alkali tolerance to a certain extent.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S519
[Abstract]:Saline-alkali stress has become the main abiotic stress affecting plant growth and crop yield. In natural state, soil contains not only one kind of salt, but also neutral salt and alkaline salt, which is called mixed salt stress. The effect of mixed salt on plants and its resistance mechanism have been paid more and more attention due to the increase of pH in soil caused by alkaline salt, which is much greater than that of neutral salt stress. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Is a natural Andean crop, it is widely studied for its many uses and rich nutrition. At present, researches on quinoa mainly focus on neutral salt stress and drought stress, and the effect of mixed salt on the growth of quinoa and the mechanism of quinoa resistance to mixed salt have not been paid much attention. In this study, the photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant mechanism and osmotic regulation of quinoa under mixed salt stress were investigated, and the effects of mixed salt on the growth of quinoa were analyzed, and the physiological mechanism of quinoa resistance to mixed salt stress was revealed. In this study, quinoa (Titicaca) was treated with different concentrations of NaCl and NaHCO_3 mixed salt (100200300400 and 500mmol 路L-1). The physiological parameters were measured: growth parameters (RWC,RGR,R:S and FW:DW), photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic pigments, stomatal density, gs,Pn,E and Ci), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD,POD,). CAT and MDA) and osmotic regulators (anion and cation, organic acids, proline and soluble sugar). The results showed that quinoa had better water retention ability and ability to adapt to salt-alkali stress under the suitable mixed salt concentration. By maintaining Mg2 content, photosynthetic pigment content was increased and stomatal conductance was increased to effectively regulate water balance and gas exchange, thus promoting leaf photosynthesis and increasing water use efficiency. The higher activity of POD and CAT could maintain the balance of ROS, reduce the production of MDA and ensure the normal physiological function of cells. The absorption of ions and effective regionalization, the adjustment of the percentage of organic acids and the accumulation of organic osmotic substances (proline and soluble sugar) all contribute to the osmotic regulation of quinoa under low concentration mixed salt stress. Even under high concentrations of stress, quinoa can maintain a specific physiological and metabolic pathway to maintain plant survival. In conclusion, under the suitable saline-alkali conditions, quinoa maintains water balance in the internal environment by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, synthesizing, accumulating inorganic ions and organic substances, stabilizing pH, increasing photosynthetic rate and ensuring the normal growth of plants. Develop. The results of this paper show that quinoa has the ability of salt-alkali tolerance to a certain extent.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S519
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