【摘要】：光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch.是一種重要的世界性檢疫害蟲,嚴重影響了我國林木的健康。目前在我國已經(jīng)遍及絕大多數(shù)省市和自治區(qū),至今已經(jīng)入侵并在美國及歐洲11國定殖分布,如何有效地防治光肩星天牛已經(jīng)成為一大難題。本研究利用自然種群生命表以及人工招引天敵的方法,對光肩星天牛自然種群控制因子及卵期和低齡幼蟲期的天敵進行了調(diào)查研究,主要結(jié)果如下:1.利用砍伐自然受害樹解剖的方法調(diào)查了北京、天津、琿春三地的光肩星天牛自然天敵種類及作用貢獻率,結(jié)果表明,三地的天敵造成的光肩星天牛的死亡率中,捕食性天敵所占比例均最大,其中北京地區(qū)的平均捕食率最高,達到了 65.6%,顯著高于同地區(qū)寄生性天敵和病原微生物的控制作用(P=0.0001)。天津地區(qū)的寄生性天敵造成的死亡率是三地中最高的,達到了 16.82%。而琿春地區(qū)的天敵作用的總死亡率只有22.42%。2.人工招引光肩星天牛卵期及低齡幼蟲期寄生蜂結(jié)果顯示,北京地區(qū)和上海地區(qū)低齡幼蟲期的寄生蜂種類較為豐富,其中北京兩年共發(fā)現(xiàn)寄生蜂7種,其中2015年的總寄生率為11.08%,2016年的總寄生率為5.82%;上海地區(qū)兩年共發(fā)現(xiàn)寄生蜂6種,其中2015年的總寄生率為3.32%,2016年的總寄生率為7.72%。而琿春地區(qū)的寄生蜂種類較為貧乏,只有2015年發(fā)現(xiàn)一種,寄生率只有0.15%。綜合三地的寄生蜂種類及寄生率,其中奧金小蜂O×ysychus sp.所占的寄生比例最高,2016年北京地區(qū)奧金小蜂的寄生率為1.51%,上海地區(qū)奧金小蜂的寄生率為5.99%,該蜂可能是一個具有開發(fā)潛力的寄生性天敵。3.應用生命表法分析了琿春和北京兩地的主要控制因子及其發(fā)展趨勢,結(jié)果顯示,北京地區(qū)連續(xù)兩年的主要控制因子是老熟幼蟲期及蛹期的致死因子啄木鳥(EIPC17),啄木鳥兩年的排除控制指數(shù)分別為1.8571和1.3274。北京地區(qū)兩年的光肩星天牛平均死亡率為71.98%,老熟幼蟲期及蛹期光肩星天牛平均死亡率為40.18%。而琿春地區(qū)的主要控制因子為卵期及低齡幼蟲期的其他捕食(EIPC3,E7PC9),排除控制指數(shù)分別為1.1102和1.1133�，q春地區(qū)2016年光肩星天�？偹劳雎蕿�40.94%,而卵期及低齡幼蟲期的總死亡率為34.24%。北京地區(qū)兩年的種群趨勢指數(shù)(Ⅰ)分別為2.6969、3.3996,琿春地區(qū)的種群趨勢指數(shù)(Ⅰ)為4.6991。4.綜合兩地的所有控制因子運用Morris回歸分析法和回歸系數(shù)bi進行關(guān)鍵因子分析,均發(fā)現(xiàn)啄木鳥決定系數(shù)(r~2=0.501)和b_i值(bi=1.066)最大,所以啄木鳥為光肩星天牛自然種群的關(guān)鍵因子。
[Abstract]:Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch. It is an important worldwide quarantine pest, which seriously affects the health of forest trees in China. At present, most provinces and autonomous regions in China have invaded and colonized in 11 countries in the United States and Europe. In this study, the natural population control factors and the natural enemies in egg stage and young larval stage were investigated by using the natural population life table and the method of artificial attraction of natural enemies. The main results were as follows: 1. The natural enemy species and the contribution rate of natural enemies in Beijing, Tianjin and Hunchun were investigated by using the method of cutting down the natural injured tree. The results showed that the death rate of the natural enemies in the three places was among the natural enemies. The proportion of predatory natural enemies was the largest, and the average predation rate in Beijing was the highest, reaching 65.6, which was significantly higher than that of parasitic natural enemies and pathogenic microorganisms in the same area (P0. 0001). The death rate of parasitic natural enemies in Tianjin is the highest in the three regions, reaching 16.82%. The total death rate of natural enemy in Hunchun area is only 22.42. 2. The results showed that the parasitic wasps were abundant in Beijing and Shanghai, and 7 species of parasitoids were found in Beijing in two years. The total parasitic rate was 11.08 in 2015 and 5.82 in 2016; Six species of parasitic wasps were found in Shanghai in two years. The total parasitic rate was 3.32 in 2015 and 7.72 in 2016. But the parasitic wasp species in Hunchun area is relatively poor, only one species was discovered in 2015, and the parasitic rate was only 0.15. The parasitic species and parasitic rate of the parasitoids in the three places were synthesized, among them, O 脳 ysychus sp.. The parasitic rate of Beijing is 1.51cm in 2016, and that of Shanghai is 5.99. it may be a potential parasitic natural enemy. The life table method was used to analyze the main control factors and their development trends in Hunchun and Beijing. The results showed that the main controlling factors in Beijing for two consecutive years were the lethal factor woodpecker (EIPC17) in mature larval and pupal stage. The control index of woodpecker for two years was 1.8571 and 1.3274, respectively. The average mortality rate was 71.98 in Beijing, and 40.18 in mature larvae and pupal stages. The main controlling factors in Hunchun area were egg stage and other predation (EIPC3,E7PC9) of young larva stage, excluding control index was 1.1102 and 1.1133 respectively. In the Hunchun area, the total mortality rate was 40.94 in 2016, and 34.24 in egg stage and young larval stage. The population trend index (鈪，

本文編號：2419459