【摘要】：煙草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)是我國重要經(jīng)濟作物,為了分析探討上部煙葉偏厚偏硬的原因,本論文采用石蠟制片顯微技術,對種植在陜西環(huán)秦嶺洛南地區(qū)的主栽烤煙品種云煙99與秦煙96以及南鄭地區(qū)主栽烤煙品種云煙99不同葉位、不同成熟度葉片的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)進行了比較研究,為解釋上部葉偏厚的原因提供解剖學依據(jù);并且通過測定洛南地區(qū)云煙99不同葉位煙草葉片果膠多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纖維素酶以及過氧化物酶活性,以期為上部葉偏硬現(xiàn)象提供相關代謝酶依據(jù)。主要試驗結(jié)果如下:解剖學觀察結(jié)果表明:煙草下、中、上三個葉位葉片的解剖學規(guī)律基本一致,表現(xiàn)為葉片厚度、柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度、單位長度柵欄細胞數(shù)均隨著成熟度增加逐漸減小,且三個葉位的葉片海綿組織變薄的速度都較柵欄組織更快。但不同葉位煙葉解剖學差異表現(xiàn)為上部葉的柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度與上表皮厚度均比下部葉和中部葉厚;且上部葉隨成熟度變薄的速度較中部葉和下部葉慢,這是導致上部葉較厚的解剖學原因。不同品種煙草葉片組織解剖學規(guī)律差異表現(xiàn)為:云煙99三個葉位葉片較秦煙96厚,但隨成熟度增加不同葉位煙葉厚度的減小幅度存在品種間差異,云煙99上部葉與下部葉片厚度的減小幅度小于秦煙96但中部葉片厚度的減小幅度大于秦煙96。不同地區(qū)煙草葉片組織解剖學規(guī)律差異表現(xiàn)為:南鄭地區(qū)各葉位煙葉的葉片厚度、柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度、上表皮厚度、單位長度柵欄組織細胞數(shù)均大于洛南地區(qū)。相關生理代謝酶指標測定結(jié)果表明:三種測試酶活性隨成熟度的變化趨勢不同葉位間表現(xiàn)相似,均表現(xiàn)為隨成熟度的增加多聚半乳糖醛酸酶的活性與纖維素酶活性增強,而過氧化物酶活性降低。相同成熟度下,三種測試酶的活性大小依不同葉位存在差異,上部煙葉的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性與纖維素酶活性最小、過氧化物酶活性最強,說明上部葉中細胞的果膠與纖維素降解能力弱、木質(zhì)素合成能力強,這是導致上部葉較中下部葉偏硬的代謝酶原因。綜合試驗結(jié)果可知,上部葉柵欄組織、海綿組織厚度比下部葉和中部葉厚且上部葉片厚度隨成熟度的增加而變薄的速度較中部葉和下部葉慢,是導致上部葉較厚的原因。上部葉位煙葉果膠與纖維素分解較慢但木質(zhì)素合成較旺盛是上部煙葉偏硬的重要生理原因,且上部葉的上表皮厚度均顯著大于下部葉也是導致上部葉偏厚偏硬的原因之一。
[Abstract]:Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) It is an important cash crop in China. In order to analyze the reasons of thick and hard upper tobacco leaves, this paper adopts paraffin wax microtechnology. The anatomical structure of the main flue-cured tobacco varieties Yunyan 99 and Qinyan 96 planted in Luonan area of Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, and Yunyan 99, the main flue-cured tobacco variety in Nanzheng area, were studied in different leaf position and maturity. To provide anatomic basis for explaining the cause of upper leaf thickness. The activities of Pectin polygalacturonidase, cellulase and peroxidase in tobacco leaves of Yunyan 99 in Luonan area were determined in order to provide relevant metabolic enzyme basis for the phenomenon of upper leaf stiffening. The main results were as follows: anatomical observation showed that the anatomical characteristics of the three leaves under tobacco, middle and upper leaves were basically the same, including leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, and so on. The number of palisade cells per unit length decreased gradually with the increase of maturity, and the thinning rate of spongy tissue of three leaf positions was faster than that of palisade tissue. However, the anatomical differences of different leaf positions were the thickness of palisade tissue of upper leaf, the thickness of sponge tissue and upper epidermis were thicker than those of lower leaf and middle leaf. The thinning rate of upper leaf with maturity is slower than that of middle leaf and lower leaf, which is the anatomic cause of thicker upper leaf. The differences of leaf tissue anatomy of different varieties of tobacco were as follows: Yunyan 99 leaves were thicker than Qinyan 96 leaves, but with the increase of maturity, there were differences between varieties in the decreasing range of leaf thickness of different leaf positions. The thickness of upper leaf and lower leaf of Yunyan 99 was smaller than that of Qinyan 96, but the thickness of middle leaf was larger than that of Qinyan 96. The differences of leaf tissue anatomy in different areas were as follows: the thickness of leaf, palisade tissue, sponge tissue, upper epidermis and palisade cells per unit length of tobacco in Nanzheng area were all larger than those in Luonan area. The results showed that the activity of the three tested enzymes was similar with maturity, and the activity of galacturonidase and cellulase increased with the increase of maturity, and the activity of galacturonidase and cellulase increased with the increase of maturity, and the activity of galacturonidase and cellulase increased with the increase of maturity. The activity of peroxidase decreased. At the same maturity, the activity of the three tested enzymes varied according to different leaf position. The polygalacturonase activity and cellulase activity of the upper tobacco leaf were the lowest, and the peroxidase activity was the highest. The results showed that the degradation ability of pectin and cellulose in the upper leaves was weak, and the lignin synthesis ability was strong, which was the reason why the upper leaves were harder than those in the middle and lower leaves. The results showed that the thickness of upper palisade tissue and spongy tissue was thicker than that of lower and middle leaves, and the thickness of upper leaves was thicker than that of middle leaves and lower leaves with the increase of maturity, which was the cause of thicker upper leaves. The slow decomposition of pectin and cellulose in upper leaves and the strong lignin synthesis were the important physiological reasons for the hardness of upper leaves, and the thickness of upper epidermis of upper leaves was significantly larger than that of lower leaves, which also contributed to the thickening and hardening of upper leaves.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S572

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