【摘要】：蘭州百合(Lilium davidii Duch.var.unicolor cotton)是中國唯一的甜百合,是極具地方特色的甘肅名優(yōu)蔬菜,蘭州百合在甘肅省主要產地分布在蘭州市南部海拔2000-2600m的七道梁二陰山區(qū),栽培面積占產區(qū)耕地總面積的1/3。臨洮縣位于蘭州市南部,其東部山區(qū)適合蘭州百合栽培。近年來,該區(qū)蘭州百合栽培面積逐步擴大,在部分山區(qū),蘭州百合、馬鈴薯、中草藥已成為當地主要的作物類型,豌豆、玉米,小麥,苜蓿等有零星栽培。近年來蘭州百合產業(yè)快速發(fā)展,種植效益較好,受百合利好的驅動,在生產實際中,百合連作現象嚴重,導致蘭州百合產量低,品質差。研究蘭州百合與上述經濟作物間的化感作用研究,可以優(yōu)化輪作栽培模式,克服其連作障礙,進行土壤生態(tài)修復。本實驗通過營養(yǎng)缽栽培研究,以蘭州百合為中心作物,蘭州百合、豌豆、黨參、馬鈴薯作為前后茬作物,通過定時定量澆灌不同濃度的作物土壤浸提液來研究4種作物的化感作用,主要得出以下結論:1、通過研究蘭州百合土壤浸提液對豌豆、黨參、馬鈴薯幼苗的化感效應。結果表明,蘭州百合土壤浸提液對三種受體作物的苗高、莖粗、根長均具有明顯的化感作用。蘭州百合土壤浸提液對黨參幼苗苗高和根長有明顯的抑制作用,且隨濃度的增大抑制作用增強;對馬鈴薯和豌豆苗高、莖粗、根長有一定的化感促進作用,但在高濃度(0.5g/ml)時對馬鈴薯表現出一定的抑制作用;隨著蘭州百合土壤浸提液濃度的增加,黨參幼苗體內超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化物酶(POD)和過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性呈上升趨勢,和對照相比差異顯著(P0.05),但豌豆和馬鈴薯幼苗體內的保護酶活性變化不明顯。黨參幼苗體內MDA含量顯著增加,對豌豆和馬鈴薯幼苗體內MDA含量影響較小。綜上所述,在甘肅省二陰山區(qū)有限的栽培作物中,豌豆和馬鈴薯可能是蘭州百合適宜的下茬作物。2、通過研究蘭州百合、黨參、馬鈴薯和豌豆土壤浸提液對蘭州百合的化感作用,結果表明,4種作物的土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗的生長均具有明顯的化感作用。蘭州百合土壤浸提液對蘭州百合苗高、莖粗和根長表現出低促高抑的作用,而且濃度越大抑制作用越強,黨參土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗的影響與蘭州百合對蘭州百合幼苗的影響相同。馬鈴薯土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗只有在高濃度(0.5g/ml)時才有抑制作用,但抑制作用較小,不同濃度的豌豆土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗的生長均具有促進作用。4種作物土壤浸提液濃度為0.1g/ml時,蘭州百合幼苗葉片中SOD、POD、CAT活性和對照相比變化不明顯。在土壤浸提液濃度為0.3g/ml時,蘭州百合和黨參土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗有明顯的脅迫作用,葉片中SOD、POD、CAT活性顯著增加,與對照差異顯著,但馬鈴薯、豌豆土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗保護酶活性沒有顯著影響。當濃度為0.5g/ml時,蘭州百合、黨參、馬鈴薯土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗葉片中SOD、POD、CAT活性有顯著影響,和蘭州百合、黨參相比馬鈴薯對蘭州百合抗氧化酶活性的影響較弱,豌豆土壤浸提液對蘭州百合幼苗葉片抗氧化酶活性影響不明顯。綜上所述,在蘭州百合產區(qū)有限的高山冷涼作物中,馬鈴薯和豌豆可能是蘭州百合可選擇的較好的前茬作物。
[Abstract]:Lil-daidii Duch.var.unicolor cotton is the only sweet lily in China. It is a famous and excellent vegetable with local characteristics. The main production area of Lanzhou Lily is in the second-negative mountain area of the seven-way beam, which is 2000-2600m in the southern part of Lanzhou, and the cultivated area is 1/ 3 of the total area of the cultivated land in the production area. Linyi County is located in the southern part of Lanzhou, and its eastern mountainous area is suitable for the cultivation of Lanzhou lily. In recent years, the cultivation area of the lily of Lanzhou is gradually expanded, in some mountainous areas, Lanzhou lily and potato, the Chinese herbal medicine has become the main crop type of the local area, and the peas, the corn, the wheat, the green tea and the like have been cultivated sporadically. In recent years, the Lanzhou lily industry has developed rapidly, the planting benefit is good, and the lily is well driven. In the production practice, the lily has a serious phenomenon, resulting in low yield and poor quality of the Lanzhou lily. The research on the effect of the effects of Lanzhou lily and the above-mentioned economic crops can be used to optimize the cultivation mode of the rotation, to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle and to make the soil ecological restoration. In this experiment, the effects of four kinds of crops were studied by using Lanzhou lily as the center crop, Lanzhou lily, pea, codonopsis pilosula and potato as the first and the second crop, and the effects of the four kinds of crops were studied by means of timing and quantitative irrigation of different concentration of crop soil extracts, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The effects of soil extract on the chemical induction of pea, codonopsis pilosula and potato seedlings were studied. The results showed that the results showed that the results showed that the results showed that the results showed that the results showed that the results showed that the results showed that the root length and the root length of the three kinds of receptor crops had a significant effect on the three kinds of receptor crops. The soil extract of the lily of Lanzhou has obvious inhibiting effect on the height and the root length of the seedling of the codonopsis pilosula, and the inhibition effect is enhanced with the increase of the concentration; and the method has the effects of promoting the growth of the potato and the pea seedling, the thick stem and the root length, However, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula was on the rise with the increase of the concentration of the soil extract of the Lilium lilium in Lanzhou, and the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), the peroxidase (POD) and the catalase (CAT) in the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula was on the rise with the increase of the concentration of the soil extract of the lily. and the change of the protective enzyme activity in the pea and the potato seedlings is not obvious. The content of MDA in the seedlings of the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula was significantly increased, and the content of MDA in the seedlings of the pea and the potato seedlings was small. in conclusion, in that limited cultivation crop in the second-yin mountain area of Gansu province, the pea and the potato may be suitable for the next crop in Lanzhou, and the effect of the extract of the soil extract of the lily, the codonopsis pilosula, the potato and the pea on the lily of Lanzhou is studied. The results showed that the soil extract of four crops had a significant effect on the growth of the lily seedlings in Lanzhou. The results showed that the soil extract of Lilium lanzhouensis showed a high effect on the high, the thick and the root length of the lily, and the stronger the concentration, the stronger the effect of the soil extract on the lily seedling in Lanzhou and the effect of the Lanzhou lily on the lily seedlings in Lanzhou. The results showed that the extract of potato soil could inhibit the growth of Lilium lilium seedlings only at high concentration (0.5g/ ml), but the inhibitory effect was small, and the extract of pea soil at different concentrations had a promoting effect on the growth of Lilium lilium seedlings. The concentration of soil extract in four crops was 0.1g/ ml. The changes of SOD, POD, CAT activity and control in the leaves of Lilium longiflorum seedlings were not significant. when the concentration of the soil extract is 0.3g/ ml, the soil extract of the lanzhou lily and the codonopsis pilosula has obvious stress effect on the lily seedlings of the lanzhou, the activity of the SOD, the POD and the CAT in the leaves is obviously increased, the difference with the control is significant, but the potatoes, The extract of pea soil has no significant effect on the activity of the protective enzyme of the lily seedling. when the concentration is 0.5g/ ml, the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in the leaves of the Lanzhou lily seedling leaves is obviously affected by the extraction liquid of the Lanzhou lily, the codonopsis pilosula and the potato, and the effect of the potato on the antioxidant enzyme activity of the Lanzhou lily and the codonopsis pilosula is weak compared with that of the Lanzhou lily and the codonopsis pilosula, The effect of pea soil extract on the antioxidant enzyme activity of the leaves of the lily seedlings in Lanzhou was not significant. To sum up, in the limited alpine cold-cold crop in the Lanzhou lily-producing area, the potato and the pea may be the better first crop of the Lanzhou lily.
【學位授予單位】：甘肅農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S682.29

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