【摘要】：我國鹽漬化土地面積較廣,具有較高的開發(fā)利用的潛力。小桐子作為生物柴油的原料樹種,因其具有較高的含油量和抗鹽脅迫能力而受到廣泛的關(guān)注。雖然小桐子具有較強(qiáng)的抗鹽脅迫能力,但有利于小桐子生長的生理生態(tài)特性的水氮耦合效應(yīng)不清。因此,為了進(jìn)一步揭示鹽脅迫條件下不同水氮處理對(duì)小桐子幼樹生理生態(tài)的影響機(jī)制,通過盆栽和小區(qū)試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,設(shè)置三個(gè)灌水處理與四個(gè)施N處理完全組合試驗(yàn),取得以下結(jié)論:(1)NaCl處理相同時(shí),與每次灌水0.9L和1.8L相比,每次灌水2.4L處理下小桐子幼樹的株高、莖粗、壯苗指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)量、和水分利用效率均顯著提高(P0.05)。當(dāng)每次灌水量為2.4L時(shí),與不施NaCl處理相比,每kg風(fēng)干土施入NaCl分析純質(zhì)量0.25g的處理促進(jìn)小桐子幼樹的干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量及灌溉水利用效率均顯著提高,而施NaCl 0.5g的處理使得各干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量和灌溉水利用效率下降甚微(P0.05)。(2)不施氮條件下,與每次灌水0.8L處理相比,1.6L和2.4L處理均促進(jìn)小桐子的凈光合速率、騰騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、氣孔密度、葉水勢、生物量、根冠比及灌溉水利用效率增大。灌水量相同時(shí),與不施N相比,施氮處理促進(jìn)小桐子的凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度均增加。灌水量的增加促進(jìn)小桐子的株高、莖粗的增長,顯著降低根區(qū)土壤中NO3-和Na+的含量和土壤導(dǎo)電率。(3)與高水高氮處理相比,高水中氮的小桐子凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、葉水勢分別顯著提高5.15%、5.86%、8.81%、23.25%�？梢�,試驗(yàn)小區(qū)內(nèi)每千克風(fēng)干土含NaCl分析純質(zhì)量為0.5g時(shí)的鹽脅迫下,種植小桐子的最優(yōu)水氮調(diào)控模式為每株小桐子灌水9.6L,施N30g。
[Abstract]:The salinized land in China has a wide area and has a high potential for exploitation and utilization. As the raw material of biodiesel, Jatropha jatropha has been widely concerned because of its high oil content and salt stress resistance. Although Jatropha jatropha has strong salt stress resistance, the coupling effect of water and nitrogen is not clear, which is beneficial to the physiological and ecological characteristics of Jatropha jatropha. Therefore, in order to further reveal the effect mechanism of different water and nitrogen treatments on the physiological and ecological characteristics of young trees under salt stress, three irrigation treatments and four N application treatments were set up by combining pot and plot experiments. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the plant height, stem diameter, seedling strength index and dry matter quality of young trees of Paulownia vulgaris under the same NaCl treatment were higher than those of 0.9 L and 1.8 L under each irrigation of 2.4 L, respectively. And water use efficiency increased significantly (P0.05). When the irrigation amount was 2.4 L, compared with the treatment without NaCl, the dry matter quality and the utilization efficiency of irrigation water of the young tree of Paulownia jatropha were significantly improved by the treatment of 0.25g per kg dry soil with NaCl analysis. However, the dry matter quality and irrigation water utilization efficiency of NaCl 0.5g treatment decreased very little (P0.05). (2), compared with each irrigation 0.8L treatment without nitrogen application. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal density, leaf water potential, biomass, root-shoot ratio and irrigation water use efficiency increased in the treatments of 1.6 L and 2.4 L, respectively. At the same irrigation rate, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of jatropha increased under nitrogen application compared with those without N application. The increase of irrigation increased the plant height and stem diameter, and significantly decreased the content of NO3- and Na and the conductivity of soil in root zone. (3) compared with the treatment of high water and high nitrogen, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of jatropha curcas in high water were increased. Stomatal conductance and leaf water potential were significantly increased by 5.15% and 8.81% and 23.25%, respectively. It can be seen that under salt stress of 0.5 g NaCl per kilogram of air-dried soil, the optimal water and nitrogen regulation model for planting Jatropha jatropha is 9.6L per plant and N 30g.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S794.9

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