【摘要】：針對番茄褪綠病毒病(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)在我國蔬菜上發(fā)生危害加重的現(xiàn)狀,研究并探索了其在日光溫室的發(fā)生規(guī)律和防治技術(shù);針對蔬菜病蟲害防治中農(nóng)藥利用率偏低的問題,分析了農(nóng)藥劑型、噴霧助劑對藥液在蔬菜葉片上的潤濕展布的影響,測定了不同的施藥方式在番茄植株上沉積分布規(guī)律,明確了影響霧滴沉積的因素。研究結(jié)果如下:調(diào)查了秋季日光溫室煙粉虱成蟲種群動態(tài)和ToCV病毒病發(fā)生規(guī)律:調(diào)查期間,日光溫室煙粉虱、ToCV病毒病整體呈上升趨勢:煙粉虱數(shù)量分別在9月中旬(3頭/葉)、10月上旬(4.68頭/葉)和11月下旬(6.16頭/葉)出現(xiàn)高峰;ToCV病毒病10月下旬發(fā)生,11月下旬達到高峰(發(fā)病株率45.83%)。測定了化學(xué)藥劑對煙粉虱和ToCV病毒病的防治效果:10%吡丙醚懸浮劑1170-900m L/ha、10%溴氰蟲酰胺油懸浮劑375-300 mL/ha、40%呋蟲胺可溶粉劑850-750 mL/ha處理的防治效果達95.55%-84.64%;病毒病抑制劑“豐農(nóng)”100-300倍液對ToCV防治效果為27.63%-15.79%,對番茄褪綠病毒病有一定的抑制作用。測定了農(nóng)藥劑型對甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽在葉片上的展布性能的影響:在藥液濃度分別為30 mg/L、40 mg/L、50 mg/L條件下,藥液在番茄葉片上的接觸角和表面張力的動態(tài)變化結(jié)果表明,微乳劑藥液在葉片上濕潤展布性能優(yōu)于水分散粒劑。測定了三種噴霧助劑S903(有機硅)、邁道(礦物油)、邁絲(植物油)的臨界膠束濃度。添加有效濃度的有機硅助劑后,藥液接觸角在葉片上變?yōu)?°,但添加植物油助劑和礦物油助劑,藥液并不能完全在葉片上展布。測定電動噴霧器、靜電噴霧器、多功能煙霧機施藥條件下藥液沉積變化規(guī)律:使用多功能煙霧機噴霧,藥液在番茄植株的內(nèi)層和外層分布均勻,冠層的上部霧滴分布沉積量多,株冠層上部沉積量大于下、中部;多功能靜電噴霧、電動噴霧,藥液在植株外層的沉積量大于內(nèi)層,且在植株上、中、下分布均勻。多功能煙霧機、靜電噴霧、電動噴霧噴藥液在地面的流失率為5.4%、7.3%、15.5%。
[Abstract]:In view of the situation that tomato chlorotic virus (Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV) is harmful to vegetables in our country, the occurrence rule and control technology of tomato chlorotic virus in greenhouse are studied and explored. Aiming at the problem of low utilization rate of pesticide in vegetable pest control, the effects of pesticide dosage form and spray assistant on the wetting distribution of pesticide solution on vegetable leaves were analyzed, and the deposition and distribution of different application methods on tomato plant were determined. The factors affecting the deposition of droplets were determined. The results are as follows: the population dynamics of whitefly adults and the occurrence of ToCV virus disease were investigated in autumn. The number of Bemisia Tabaci increased in the middle of September (3 per leaf), in the first ten days of October (4.68 per leaf) and in late November (6.16 per leaf). ToCV virus disease occurred in late October and reached its peak in late November (45.83%). The control effect of chemical agents on Bemisia Tabaci and ToCV virus disease was determined: 10% propyl ether suspension was 1170-900m L / ha 10% bromocyanamide oil suspension 375-300 mL/ha,. The control effect of 40% furosemide soluble powder (850-750 mL/ha) was 95.55-84.64; The 100-300 times solution of "Fengnon", a virus inhibitor, had a control effect of 27.63- 15.79g on ToCV, and had a certain inhibitory effect on tomato chlorotic virus disease. The effects of pesticide formulation on the distribution of methylaminoabamectin benzoate on the leaves were determined: under the conditions of 30 mg/L,40 mg/L,50 mg/L concentration of the solution, The dynamic change of contact angle and surface tension on tomato leaves showed that the wetting and spreading properties of microemulsion were better than that of water dispersible granules. The critical micelle concentrations of three spray promoters, S903 (organosilicon), Meadow (mineral oil) and meridian (vegetable oil), were determined. When the effective concentration of organosilicon additive was added, the contact angle of the solution changed to 0 擄on the leaf, but the additive of vegetable oil and mineral oil could not completely distribute the liquid on the leaf. The changes of drug solution deposition under the conditions of electric sprayer, electrostatic sprayer and multifunctional smog machine were determined. The spray was applied to the tomato plant. The spray was distributed evenly in the inner and outer layers of tomato plant, and the amount of droplet in the upper layer of the canopy was more than that in the top layer. The amount of deposition in the upper part of the canopy is greater than that in the lower part and the middle part; The deposition amount of multifunctional electrostatic spray, electrospray and solution in the outer layer of the plant was larger than that in the inner layer, and the distribution was uniform in the upper, middle and lower layers of the plant. The loss rate of multifunctional smog machine, electrostatic spray and electric spray on the ground is 5.4% and 7.3% and 15.5% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.412

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