微生物有機(jī)肥對黃瓜枯萎病及土壤微生物區(qū)系的影響
[Abstract]:Cucumber is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. Long-term unscientific planting methods, such as continuous cropping, misuse of chemical fertilizers, etc, cause serious continuous cropping obstacles in cucumber production. Among them, cucumber wilt is one of the most serious continuous cropping obstacles resulting in cucumber yield reduction. And there is no way to completely inhibit the occurrence of wilt. The main causes of cucumber wilt disease were the deterioration of soil microbial flora caused by continuous cropping, the decrease of beneficial bacteria in soil, and the predominance of harmful bacteria. The common control methods of cucumber continuous cropping obstacle include chemical control, physical control and biological control. Biological control is currently recognized as the most promising method, which is of great significance to the development of sustainable agriculture. Some studies have shown that the active substances and various nutrient elements contained in microbial organic fertilizer (BIO) can improve the microecological environment of crop root soil and the physical and chemical properties of soil. Based on the biological control of cucumber wilt, pot experiments and site-directed experiments were carried out in this paper. The following results were obtained: (1) pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of BIO bio-fertilizer on cucumber yield. The incidence of Fusarium wilt and the effect of pathogenic bacteria and antagonistic bacteria in soil. The results showed that the application of high concentration BIO bio-fertilizer could significantly reduce the incidence of cucumber wilt disease, increase yield and increase soil fertility, but the application of low concentration of BIO bio-fertilizer had no obvious improvement. The cucumber yield of BIO10 and BIO20 groups was about 5 times of that of CK,BI02.5 and BI05 groups. The relative quantities of F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum and (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 of Fusarium oxysporum in the rhizosphere of cucumber were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the concentration of BIO bio-fertilizer increased with the increase of BIO concentration. The amount of F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum in soil decreased, and the amount of SQR9 increased. (2) through the Biolog analysis of pot experiment soil, the results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer control (CK), The application of high concentration BIO bio-fertilizer could significantly increase the soil microbial activity and the overall utilization rate of 31 carbon sources. However, the application of low concentration of BIO bio-fertilizer could reduce it. (3) by high-throughput sequencing analysis of soil genomic extracts from pot experiment, the results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer control (CK), The application of high concentration BIO bio-fertilizer could significantly increase the number of beneficial microbes such as Kaistobacter, (Hyphomicrobium), (Aspergillus), and decrease the number of harmful microbes such as (Cladosporium), Monosporascus, (Phoma) and so on. However, the microbial community in the soil with low concentration of BIO fertilizer did not change significantly. (4) the results showed that: (1) the microorganism community in the soil with low concentration of BIO fertilizer did not change significantly. (4) the results showed that: 1. The average yield increased by 23.11% and 16.31% in the treatments with BIO bio-fertilizer compared with the control without fertilization (T1) and the treatment with conventional organic fertilizer, respectively. Compared with other groups, the soil fertility of the treatments with BIO bio-fertilizer increased significantly, and the incidence of cucumber wilt was lower. (5) the rhizosphere microbes of the soils in the perennial site-directed experimental area and the high-throughput sequencing analysis of the genomic extracts from the soils were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group (T1) and other groups, The total number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil treated with BIO bio-fertilizer increased, and the number of probiotics such as (Pseudomonas), rhizobium (Rhizobia) in the soil increased significantly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:S436.421.13;S154.3
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