老芒麥落粒機理初探及新種質(zhì)創(chuàng)制
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-02 20:56
【摘要】：老芒麥(Elymus sibiricus L.)是一種多年生、冷季型、自花授粉的異源四倍體禾本科牧草,具有適口性好、粗蛋白含量高、適應(yīng)性強等優(yōu)良特性。我國老芒麥種質(zhì)資源豐富,近年來老芒麥被廣泛應(yīng)用于青藏高原及中國北方地區(qū)退化草地改良和草地畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展。然而,老芒麥的落粒性對種子產(chǎn)量造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失,制約著優(yōu)質(zhì)老芒麥的推廣利用。目前,我國有8個老芒麥育成品種,但落粒依舊是其亟待解決的育種問題之一。為了進(jìn)一步揭示老芒麥落粒機理并培育低落粒老芒麥優(yōu)異新種質(zhì),本研究在老芒麥資源收集和評價基礎(chǔ)上,從離層解剖結(jié)構(gòu)、水解酶活性等方面研究了老芒麥落粒的組織學(xué)和生化機理,并利用雜交育種結(jié)合分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)創(chuàng)制了老芒麥新種質(zhì),為老芒麥低落粒品種選育奠定基礎(chǔ)。主要試驗結(jié)果如下:1.對28份老芒麥種質(zhì)落粒性和其他14個農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行觀測,并利用隸屬函數(shù)法對其農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行綜合評價。結(jié)果表明:各供試?yán)厦Ⅺ湻N質(zhì)在盛花期后31d時落粒率顯著增加并達(dá)最大值,在Zh N02、HZ03和LQ05群體內(nèi)各單株間落粒率存在較大變異。兩年觀測數(shù)據(jù)表明XH09的落粒率最高,其次為XH03、LQ03和LQ04,落粒率最低的種質(zhì)為Zh N03,MQ01次之。相關(guān)分析表明落粒率與旗葉寬和莖節(jié)數(shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與倒二葉寬呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。其余各觀測性狀變異性分析表明,分蘗數(shù)在所有評價指標(biāo)中變異性最大,變異系數(shù)為17.07%。15個農(nóng)藝性狀聚類結(jié)果和隸屬函數(shù)分析結(jié)果均表明,Zh N03在28份種質(zhì)中綜合農(nóng)藝性狀最優(yōu)。2.分別測定9份老芒麥栽培種和6份野生種質(zhì)在小花梗斷裂時承受的最大拉力即BTS(breaking tensile strength)值,并對其小花梗離區(qū)進(jìn)行組織解剖學(xué)和細(xì)胞壁水解酶活性變化分析。結(jié)果表明:野生種質(zhì)的落粒性比栽培品種高,其中PI655199平均BTS值最高(144.51 gf),而LQ04最低(47.17 gf);抽穗后14 d離區(qū)開始出現(xiàn)降解,高落粒種質(zhì)離區(qū)降解程度高、斷裂面表現(xiàn)光滑、離區(qū)木質(zhì)素含量更低;纖維素酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和老芒麥離區(qū)水解相關(guān),但在老芒麥不同發(fā)育時期,這兩種酶活性變化大。3.以在落粒性和其他農(nóng)藝性狀上存在顯著差異的老芒麥為親本進(jìn)行雜交育種,通過9對EST-SSR分子標(biāo)記對其F1真實性進(jìn)行檢測,同時對F1群體和親本群體做群體結(jié)構(gòu)和遺傳多樣性分析。結(jié)果表明:基于雜種和親本DNA指紋圖譜從5個不同的雜交組合中鑒定出15個真實的F1單株;老芒麥親本和雜交種群體的平均多態(tài)性比率為70.51%。
[Abstract]:Laowangmai (Elymus sibiricus L.) It is a perennial, cold-season, self-pollinated allotetraploid gramineous forage with good palatability, high crude protein content and strong adaptability. China is rich in germplasm resources. In recent years Laomangmao has been widely used in the improvement of degraded grassland and the development of grassland animal husbandry in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northern China. However, the seed drop of Agaricum sibiricum has a serious loss on seed yield, which restricts the popularization and utilization of high quality Avena sibiricum. At present, there are 8 varieties in China, but seed dropping is still one of the breeding problems to be solved. In order to further reveal the mechanism of grain falling and to cultivate new germplasm with low grain, this study was based on the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources and anatomical structure of the separated layer. In this paper, the histology and biochemical mechanism of seed dropping in Laowangmai were studied from the aspects of hydrolase activity, and a new germplasm was created by hybrid breeding combined with molecular marker technique, which laid a foundation for the breeding of low grain varieties of Laowangmai. The main results are as follows: 1. The granulation and other 14 agronomic characters of 28 germplasms of Laowangmao were observed and their agronomic characters were evaluated by membership function method. The results showed that the seed dropping rate of the germplasm increased significantly and reached the maximum value at 31 days after full flowering, and there was a great variation in the seed drop rate among the individual plants in the Zh N02 HZ03 and LQ05 populations. The results of two years observation showed that the seed drop rate of XH09 was the highest, and the lowest of XH03,LQ03 and LQ04, was Zh N03 MQ01. Correlation analysis showed that the seed drop rate was significantly negatively correlated with flag leaf width and stem node number, and with the upper second leaf width. The analysis of the other observed traits showed that the number of tillers was the most variable among all the evaluation indexes, and the coefficient of variation was 17.07.15 agronomic characters, and the results of cluster analysis and membership function analysis showed that the number of tillers was the highest in all the evaluation indexes. Zh N03 was the best in 28 germplasm. The maximum tensile force (BTS (breaking tensile strength) of 9 cultivated and 6 wild germplasms with small pedicel breakage was determined, and the tissue anatomy and cell wall hydrolase activity of 9 cultivars and 6 wild germplasm were analyzed. The results showed that the seed dropping ability of wild germplasm was higher than that of cultivated variety, and the average BTS value of PI655199 was the highest (144.51 gf),) and LQ04 was the lowest (47.17 gf);). On the 14th day after heading, degradation began to appear in the isolated area, the degradation degree of the high grain falling germplasm was high, the fracture surface was smooth, and the content of lignin in the isolated area was even lower. The activities of cellulase and polygalacturonase were correlated with the hydrolysis of Laowangmai in vitro, but the activity of these two enzymes varied greatly at different developmental stages. 3. Hybrid breeding was carried out with Laowangmai, which had significant differences in grain setting and other agronomic characters, and its F1 authenticity was detected by 9 pairs of EST-SSR molecular markers. At the same time, the population structure and genetic diversity of F1 population and parent population were analyzed. The results showed that 15 true F1 plants were identified from 5 different cross combinations based on DNA fingerprinting of hybrid and parent, and the average polymorphism ratio of parents and hybrids was 70.51%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S54
本文編號：2398982
[Abstract]:Laowangmai (Elymus sibiricus L.) It is a perennial, cold-season, self-pollinated allotetraploid gramineous forage with good palatability, high crude protein content and strong adaptability. China is rich in germplasm resources. In recent years Laomangmao has been widely used in the improvement of degraded grassland and the development of grassland animal husbandry in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northern China. However, the seed drop of Agaricum sibiricum has a serious loss on seed yield, which restricts the popularization and utilization of high quality Avena sibiricum. At present, there are 8 varieties in China, but seed dropping is still one of the breeding problems to be solved. In order to further reveal the mechanism of grain falling and to cultivate new germplasm with low grain, this study was based on the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources and anatomical structure of the separated layer. In this paper, the histology and biochemical mechanism of seed dropping in Laowangmai were studied from the aspects of hydrolase activity, and a new germplasm was created by hybrid breeding combined with molecular marker technique, which laid a foundation for the breeding of low grain varieties of Laowangmai. The main results are as follows: 1. The granulation and other 14 agronomic characters of 28 germplasms of Laowangmao were observed and their agronomic characters were evaluated by membership function method. The results showed that the seed dropping rate of the germplasm increased significantly and reached the maximum value at 31 days after full flowering, and there was a great variation in the seed drop rate among the individual plants in the Zh N02 HZ03 and LQ05 populations. The results of two years observation showed that the seed drop rate of XH09 was the highest, and the lowest of XH03,LQ03 and LQ04, was Zh N03 MQ01. Correlation analysis showed that the seed drop rate was significantly negatively correlated with flag leaf width and stem node number, and with the upper second leaf width. The analysis of the other observed traits showed that the number of tillers was the most variable among all the evaluation indexes, and the coefficient of variation was 17.07.15 agronomic characters, and the results of cluster analysis and membership function analysis showed that the number of tillers was the highest in all the evaluation indexes. Zh N03 was the best in 28 germplasm. The maximum tensile force (BTS (breaking tensile strength) of 9 cultivated and 6 wild germplasms with small pedicel breakage was determined, and the tissue anatomy and cell wall hydrolase activity of 9 cultivars and 6 wild germplasm were analyzed. The results showed that the seed dropping ability of wild germplasm was higher than that of cultivated variety, and the average BTS value of PI655199 was the highest (144.51 gf),) and LQ04 was the lowest (47.17 gf);). On the 14th day after heading, degradation began to appear in the isolated area, the degradation degree of the high grain falling germplasm was high, the fracture surface was smooth, and the content of lignin in the isolated area was even lower. The activities of cellulase and polygalacturonase were correlated with the hydrolysis of Laowangmai in vitro, but the activity of these two enzymes varied greatly at different developmental stages. 3. Hybrid breeding was carried out with Laowangmai, which had significant differences in grain setting and other agronomic characters, and its F1 authenticity was detected by 9 pairs of EST-SSR molecular markers. At the same time, the population structure and genetic diversity of F1 population and parent population were analyzed. The results showed that 15 true F1 plants were identified from 5 different cross combinations based on DNA fingerprinting of hybrid and parent, and the average polymorphism ratio of parents and hybrids was 70.51%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S54
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