【摘要】：由于長(zhǎng)期過量使用生理酸性肥料和化學(xué)氮肥,土壤中的酸性物質(zhì)不斷增加并積累,使土壤出現(xiàn)酸化現(xiàn)象。土壤酸化加速了南方酸性土壤中重金屬鎘(Cd)進(jìn)入植物體的過程,其中稻米鎘含量超過國(guó)家食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問題最為突出。因此,剖析水稻根際環(huán)境中的酸堿度與水稻鎘吸收積累的關(guān)系,對(duì)于制訂Cd污染區(qū)水稻安全生產(chǎn)管理規(guī)程具有重要意義。本研究以湘早秈24(X24)為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,通過水培實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)培養(yǎng)液的酸堿度影響水稻幼苗鎘離子吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)特性的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探討。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.酸堿度對(duì)水稻幼苗鎘積累量和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著影響。營(yíng)養(yǎng)液中的pH值為5.5時(shí),水稻幼苗中的鎘含量最高。當(dāng)pH值為4.0-5.5時(shí),水稻幼苗的鎘含量隨pH值的升高而升高;當(dāng)pH值為5.5-8.0時(shí),水稻幼苗的鎘含量卻隨pH值升高而降低。在pH值為4.0-4.5和6.5-8.0的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液中處理7天后,水稻幼苗地上部分枯黃萎蔫,甚至枯死。而在pH值為6.5-7.0的環(huán)境中,水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育基本正常,鎘積累量卻顯著下降。2.酸堿度對(duì)水稻幼苗鎘離子亞細(xì)胞分布特征有顯著影響。水稻幼苗根系和地上部分積累的鎘主要分布在細(xì)胞壁中,細(xì)胞壁中的鎘含量顯著大于原生質(zhì)體。酸堿度對(duì)鎘在細(xì)胞壁和原生質(zhì)體中的分配比例有顯著的影響。當(dāng)pH為5.5時(shí),鎘在細(xì)胞壁的含量是在原生質(zhì)體中含量的3倍;而當(dāng)pH為4.5時(shí),細(xì)胞壁中的鎘含量?jī)H是原生質(zhì)體鎘含量的1.4倍。在pH5.5-7.0的含鎘營(yíng)養(yǎng)液中生長(zhǎng)時(shí),水稻幼苗根系細(xì)胞壁和原生質(zhì)體中的鎘含量隨著pH的增加而顯著下降;但在pH5.5的含鎘營(yíng)養(yǎng)液中生長(zhǎng)時(shí),根系細(xì)胞壁和原生質(zhì)體中的鎘含量隨著pH的增加而增加。地上部的鎘含量和根系原生質(zhì)體中的鎘含量呈顯著的線性相關(guān)。3.酸堿度對(duì)水稻幼苗必需元素的吸收積累有顯著影響。在pH不同的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液中,水稻幼苗對(duì)中微量元素的吸收量也有所不同,在PH值為7時(shí),水稻幼苗吸收中微量元素的含量最大,在pH值為5-7時(shí),水稻幼苗吸收中微量元素的含量隨pH值的升高而升高,當(dāng)pH值為7-8時(shí),隨著pH值的升高,中微量元素含量明顯降低。且鎘對(duì)水稻幼苗吸收必需元素有著不同的差異,鎘對(duì)水稻幼苗吸收鎂和鈣有促進(jìn)作用,對(duì)吸收鐵、錳和鋅有抑制作用。4.酸堿度對(duì)鎘離子通過非選擇性陽(yáng)離子通道的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率有顯著影響。非選擇性陽(yáng)離子通道對(duì)水稻幼苗鎘吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的貢獻(xiàn)率因pH的升高而增加,對(duì)地上部鎘積累的貢獻(xiàn)率大于根系。離子通道抑制劑對(duì)水稻幼苗根系原生質(zhì)體鎘積累的抑制作用最為明顯,說(shuō)明NSCCs是鎘離子進(jìn)入水稻根系的主要通道。酸堿度通過影響水稻幼苗的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、必需元素的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率、鎘離子在細(xì)胞壁上的積累量和非選擇性陽(yáng)離子通道的活性,調(diào)控著鎘離子進(jìn)入根系原生質(zhì)體及其向地上部轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的過程。在pH值為6.5-7.0的堿性環(huán)境中,水稻幼苗主要通過降低根系細(xì)胞質(zhì)中的鎘濃度和向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率,抑制了鎘在地上部細(xì)胞壁和原生質(zhì)體中的積累量。
[Abstract]:Because of the long-term overuse of the physiological and acidic fertilizer and the chemical nitrogen fertilizer, the acid substances in the soil are continuously increased and accumulated, so that the soil is acidized. Soil acidification has accelerated the process of heavy metal salt (Cd) entering the plant in the acid soil of the south, in which the rice content of rice exceeds the national food safety standard. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the relationship between the pH value and the absorption and accumulation of rice in the rice root-to-root environment. In this study, the mechanism of the absorption and transport of rice seedlings was discussed by the experiment of water-culture with the experimental material of X24 as the experimental material. The main results are as follows: 1. The pH value has a significant effect on the accumulation and development of rice seedling. When the pH value in the nutrient solution is 5. 5, the content of the rice in the rice seedling is the highest. When the pH value is 4.0-5.5, the content of the rice seedling is increased with the increase of the pH value; when the pH value is 5.5-8.0, the content of the rice seedling is reduced with the increase of the pH value. After treatment for 7 days in the nutrient solution with the pH value of 4.0-4.5 and 6.5-8.0, the upper part of the rice seedling was withered and withered, and even died. in the environment with the pH value of 6.5-7.0, the growth and development of the rice seedlings were basically normal, but the accumulation of the rice seedlings decreased significantly. The pH value has a significant effect on the distribution of the sub-cell of the rice seedling. The root and ground part of the rice seedling is mainly distributed in the cell wall, and the yeast content in the cell wall is significantly higher than that of the protoplast. The pH value has a significant effect on the distribution ratio of the yeast in the cell wall and the protoplast. When the pH is 5. 5, the content of the yeast in the cell wall is 3 times that of the protoplast; and when the pH is 4.5, the content of the yeast in the cell wall is only 1.4 times that of the protoplast. In the growth of pH 5.5-7.0, the content of the root cell wall and the protoplast in the root system of the rice seedling decreased with the increase of the pH, but the content of the yeast in the cell wall and the protoplast of the root system increased with the increase of the pH in the growth of the pH 5.5-containing nutrient solution. There was a significant linear correlation between the content of the ground and the content of the root in the protoplast of the root system. The pH value has a significant effect on the absorption and accumulation of the essential elements of rice seedlings. in the nutrient solution with different pH, the absorption amount of the trace elements in the rice seedling is different, and when the pH value is 7, the content of the trace elements in the rice seedling absorption is the largest, and when the pH value is 5-7, the content of the trace elements in the absorption of the rice seedlings is increased with the increase of the pH value, When the pH value is 7-8, the content of trace elements is obviously reduced with the increase of the pH value. and it has the effect of promoting the absorption of magnesium and calcium in the rice seedling, and has the effect of inhibiting the absorption of iron, manganese and zinc. the pH value has a significant effect on the transport efficiency of the polar ions through the non-selective cation channel. The contribution rate of the non-selective cation channel to the absorption and transport of rice seedlings was increased by the increase of the pH, and the contribution rate of the non-selective cation channel to the accumulation of soil on the ground was greater than that of the root system. The inhibitory effect of ion channel inhibitor on the accumulation of the protoplast of the root system of rice seedling is the most obvious, and it is indicated that the NSCCs are the main channel to the root of rice. The effects of pH value on the growth and development of the rice seedling, the uptake and transport efficiency of the essential elements, the accumulation of ions on the cell wall and the activity of the non-selective cation channel, and the regulation of the transfer of the ions into the protoplast of the root system and the transport to the upper part of the root system. In the alkaline environment with the pH value of 6.5-7.0, the rice seedling mainly reduces the concentration of the yeast in the cytoplasm of the root system and the transport rate to the ground part, and the accumulation amount of the rice seedling in the cell wall and the protoplast of the ground part is inhibited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 覃廣泉,陳平;硒對(duì)水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)及磷分布效應(yīng)的影響[J];熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2004年05期

2 ;水稻幼苗旱長(zhǎng)[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);1958年05期

3 莊重;;直播水稻幼苗期旱長(zhǎng)好[J];植物雜志;1989年05期

4 李震軍;郭永霞;;水稻幼苗期生長(zhǎng)對(duì)環(huán)境的要求[J];農(nóng)村科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn);2005年03期

5 王海華,康健,曾富華,蔣明義;高濃度鎳對(duì)水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)及酶活性的影響[J];作物學(xué)報(bào);2001年06期

6 劉峰,張軍,張文吉;氧化鈣對(duì)水稻幼苗的生理作用研究[J];植物學(xué)通報(bào);2001年04期

7 王愛民;硅對(duì)污灌水稻幼苗幾種生理特性的影響[J];廣西植物;2002年02期

8 張承東,韓朔睽,魏鐘波;硒對(duì)除草劑脅迫下水稻幼苗活性氧清除系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)的作用[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2002年04期

9 李明堂,李罡,王玉軍,趙曉松,馬秀蘭;鍺對(duì)不同基因型水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響[J];吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2002年04期

10 宗會(huì),徐照麗,劉娥娥,郭振飛,李明啟;低溫脅迫下氯丙嗪和氯化鑭對(duì)水稻幼苗脯氨酸積累的影響[J];熱帶亞熱帶植物學(xué)報(bào);2003年03期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 楊平仿;荊玉祥;匡廷云;沈世華;;水稻幼苗光照變化的蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究[A];中國(guó)植物學(xué)會(huì)七十周年年會(huì)論文摘要匯編（1933—2003）[C];2003年

2 陳潔;林棲鳳;;水稻幼苗耐鹽性半定量鑒定方法的建立(簡(jiǎn)報(bào))[A];植物分子育種——第四屆全國(guó)植物分子育種學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

3 石貴玉;陳明媚;;鉻、硒對(duì)水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)和某些生理的影響[A];中國(guó)植物生理學(xué)會(huì)第九次全國(guó)會(huì)議論文摘要匯編[C];2004年

4 張蕊;呂俊;王三根;;水楊酸對(duì)低溫脅迫下水稻幼苗過氧化氫與抗氧化酶系的影響研究[A];2005年全國(guó)植物逆境生理與分子生物學(xué)研討會(huì)論文摘要匯編[C];2005年

5 張蕊;呂俊;王三根;;水楊酸對(duì)低溫脅迫下水稻幼苗過氧化氫與抗氧化酶系的影響研究[A];2006年中國(guó)植物逆境生理生態(tài)與分子生物學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文摘要匯編[C];2006年

6 宗學(xué)鳳;王三根;;細(xì)胞分裂素與膽固醇協(xié)同作用與水稻幼苗抗冷性的關(guān)系[A];2005年全國(guó)植物生長(zhǎng)物質(zhì)研討會(huì)論文摘要匯編[C];2005年

7 李裕娟;梁廣堅(jiān);;甜菜堿對(duì)冷脅迫下水稻幼苗保護(hù)酶及其同工酶的影響[A];全國(guó)“植物生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)化”研討會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2007年

8 夏雯;何艷;汪海珍;徐建明;;多環(huán)芳烴對(duì)不同品種水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響研究[A];面向未來(lái)的土壤科學(xué)（中冊(cè)）——中國(guó)土壤學(xué)會(huì)第十二次全國(guó)會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨第九屆海峽兩岸土壤肥料學(xué)術(shù)交流研討會(huì)論文集[C];2012年

9 楊杰峰;陳桂葵;黎華壽;;高氯酸鹽與鉻復(fù)合污染對(duì)水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響[A];第三屆全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

10 靳學(xué)慧;張亞玲;吳成龍;;水稻幼苗可溶性糖和蛋白含量與抗瘟性的關(guān)系[A];糧食安全與植�？萍紕�(chuàng)新[C];2009年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前3條

1 張桂英;我省水稻幼苗普遍長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好[N];黑龍江日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

2 ;水稻幼苗出現(xiàn)“僵苗”的原因及防治措施[N];經(jīng)濟(jì)日?qǐng)?bào).農(nóng)村版;2006年

3 水清;治水稻幼苗期灰飛虱：拌種比浸種好[N];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科技報(bào);2006年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 陳琳;水稻幼苗鐵吸收與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的基因型差異及生理機(jī)制研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

2 姚世響;穩(wěn)定同位素標(biāo)記水稻幼苗的定量蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)新方法的研究[D];清華大學(xué);2015年

3 張?chǎng)?硫硒交互對(duì)水稻幼苗鎘累積和毒害的影響機(jī)制研究[D];華東理工大學(xué);2014年

4 趙秀峰;一氧化氮對(duì)水稻幼苗鎘毒害的緩解效應(yīng)及其生理機(jī)制[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

5 張家俊;土壤中除草劑毒草胺的遷移行為和阿特拉津?qū)λ居酌缟锒拘缘难芯縖D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

6 王樹才;茉莉酸對(duì)水稻幼苗側(cè)根發(fā)生的誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)及其與生長(zhǎng)素和水楊酸的關(guān)系[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2002年

7 賽里默;水稻幼苗響應(yīng)高濃度二氧化碳的差異蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究[D];清華大學(xué);2008年

8 黃祥富;萌發(fā)中水稻胚和幼苗的熱激蛋白生物合成與抗冷性研究[D];中山大學(xué);2000年

9 楊平仿;水稻幼苗脫黃化過程以及灌漿期莖的蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（植物研究所）;2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 邵君偉;茉莉酸和赤霉素在水稻幼苗響應(yīng)鎘毒害中的調(diào)控作用[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 郭元飛;肌醇對(duì)水稻幼苗抗冷性和小麥幼苗抗旱性的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

3 江宜龍;富氫水緩解凍害和鹽脅迫對(duì)水稻幼苗氧化傷害及種子萌發(fā)的抑制[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

4 許艷梅;雙酚A對(duì)玉米和水稻幼苗生理生化影響研究[D];黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué);2016年

5 楊波;水稻幼苗對(duì)水分和高溫脅迫的生理響應(yīng)研究[D];沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué);2016年

6 田露;水稻幼苗對(duì)高濃度CO_2和水分脅迫的生理響應(yīng)研究[D];沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué);2016年

7 陳美靜;堿蓬內(nèi)生菌EF0801對(duì)三種非生物脅迫水稻幼苗內(nèi)源激素及有機(jī)酸的影響[D];沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué);2016年

8 張?jiān)娡?植物內(nèi)生真菌高Y1-1對(duì)鎘脅迫下水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)緩解作用的研究[D];沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué);2016年

9 伍國(guó)林;除草劑氯氟吡氧乙酸對(duì)水稻幼苗生物毒性的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

10 于莎莎;鋅和銅對(duì)鎘脅迫下水稻幼苗生長(zhǎng)及植物螯合肽合成的影響研究[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2016年

，

本文編號(hào)：2399062