人工營(yíng)養(yǎng)基質(zhì)緩解連作黃瓜根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)及枯萎病的作用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-14 17:17
【摘要】：設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)以黃瓜栽培為主,隨著設(shè)施生產(chǎn)的規(guī)�；蛯�(zhuān)業(yè)化需求間的矛盾逐漸突出,黃瓜連作現(xiàn)象逐步加重,已成為設(shè)施黃瓜生產(chǎn)的重要制約因素。病原物積累是連作障礙最主要原因之一,枯萎病和線蟲(chóng)病是兩種極為重要的連作病害,其發(fā)病率高危害程度大,嚴(yán)重影響作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),大量研究表明營(yíng)養(yǎng)基質(zhì)栽培可以有效解決蔬菜連作障礙問(wèn)題。本文以1-19茬連作黃瓜為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,分別設(shè)土壤栽培和營(yíng)養(yǎng)基質(zhì)栽培兩種不同處理方式,通過(guò)對(duì)黃瓜病害發(fā)病程度的影響,對(duì)病原物質(zhì)積累的影響以及對(duì)致病因子和抗病因子的影響四個(gè)方面探究,探明人工營(yíng)養(yǎng)基質(zhì)在解決連作障礙中的作用及其機(jī)制,為解決設(shè)施黃瓜栽培連作障礙問(wèn)題提供技術(shù)支持。主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.兩種栽培方式均表現(xiàn)出了不同程度的連作障礙,發(fā)病率隨栽培年限的延長(zhǎng)而不斷加重,1-5茬發(fā)病率相對(duì)較低發(fā),7-17茬呈逐漸上升趨勢(shì),發(fā)病最高的土壤栽培17茬病情指數(shù)達(dá)到60,17茬后開(kāi)始緩慢下降。相對(duì)于土壤栽培,基質(zhì)栽培發(fā)病率低,發(fā)病緩慢,證明營(yíng)養(yǎng)基質(zhì)相對(duì)于土壤栽培能明顯延緩根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病與枯萎病的發(fā)病率。2.通過(guò)測(cè)算不同茬次土壤尖孢鐮刀菌(Fusarium Wilt)數(shù)以及根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)蟲(chóng)口密度發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)病率高的茬次土壤與基質(zhì)中尖孢鐮刀菌及線蟲(chóng)含量多,發(fā)病率較低者含量較少,其中最高一茬土壤栽培第13茬中鐮刀菌菌數(shù)是第1茬的5倍達(dá)到50× 103cfu g-1干土,營(yíng)養(yǎng)基質(zhì)栽培兩種病害病原物質(zhì)低于土壤栽培。3.在連作基質(zhì)與土壤中,均檢測(cè)出苯甲酸、對(duì)羥基苯甲酸、阿魏酸、和香草醛,其中阿魏酸的含量明顯高于其他三種,香草醛含量最低且與連作年限相關(guān)性不大。苯甲酸、對(duì)羥基苯甲酸和阿魏酸與連作表現(xiàn)出明顯的相關(guān)性,隨著連作茬次不斷增加酚酸類(lèi)物質(zhì)積累逐漸增多,且在連作9-17茬間大幅上升。相比于土壤栽培,基質(zhì)栽培中酚酸物質(zhì)含量較少。4.連作黃瓜土壤與基質(zhì)pH值隨連作茬次增加逐漸偏向酸性,有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解氮、速效氮、全氮、速效磷、全磷均隨連作茬次增加而減少,基質(zhì)栽培均高于土壤栽培,容重與EC值隨連作茬次增加而增加,基質(zhì)低于土壤,速效鉀無(wú)明顯變化。5.隨著連作茬次的增加,土壤與基質(zhì)中的脲酶、多酚氧化酶與過(guò)氧化氫酶明顯呈現(xiàn)出先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),基質(zhì)栽培高于土壤栽培,蔗糖酶呈緩慢下降趨勢(shì),中性磷酸酶略有上升但兩種栽培差異不顯著。6.土壤滅菌能夠有效殺死土壤病原菌,60度高溫處理下土壤線蟲(chóng)死亡率達(dá)到98%,尖孢鐮刀菌死亡率達(dá)到86%,發(fā)病率為0,植株各生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)均明顯高于未加溫處理土壤。營(yíng)養(yǎng)基質(zhì)在黃瓜連作栽培過(guò)程中,相對(duì)于土壤明顯降低了病蟲(chóng)害的發(fā)病率并表現(xiàn)出延緩連作障礙發(fā)生的作用,能夠有效延緩由于根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)及枯萎病導(dǎo)致的連作障礙2-3茬。此試驗(yàn)結(jié)果能夠?yàn)樘镩g生產(chǎn)提供一定技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Cucumber cultivation is the main production of protected vegetables. With the contradiction between the scale of facility production and specialized demand becoming more and more serious, the phenomenon of continuous cropping of cucumber is gradually aggravated, which has become an important restriction factor of greenhouse cucumber production. Pathogen accumulation is one of the main causes of continuous cropping obstacle. Fusarium wilt and nematode disease are two very important continuous cropping diseases. A large number of studies have shown that nutrient substrate cultivation can effectively solve the problem of vegetable continuous cropping obstacles. In this paper, soil cultivation and nutrient substrate cultivation were used to treat 1-19 consecutive cropping cucumber as experimental objects. The effects of soil culture and nutrient substrate cultivation on the incidence of cucumber disease were studied. The effects on the accumulation of pathogenic substances and the effects on pathogenic factors and disease resistance factors were explored in order to explore the role and mechanism of artificial nutrition matrix in solving continuous cropping disorders. To provide technical support to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber cultivation. The main results are as follows: 1. The two cultivation methods showed different degrees of continuous cropping obstacles, and the incidence rate increased with the extension of cultivation years, the incidence of 1-5 stubble was relatively low, and 7-17 stubble was increasing gradually. The disease index of the 17 stubble cultivated in soil was the highest, and the disease index began to decrease slowly after reaching 60 ~ 17 stubble. Compared with soil cultivation, the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation, which showed that the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation. 2. By calculating the (Fusarium Wilt) number of Fusarium oxysporum and the density of root-knot nematode in different subsoil, it was found that in the soil and substrate with high incidence rate, the content of Fusarium oxysporum and nematode was more, and the lower incidence was less. The number of Fusarium in the first crop was 5 times of that in the first crop and reached 50 脳 103cfu g ~ (-1) dry soil, and the pathogenic substances of the two diseases in nutrient substrate cultivation were lower than those in the soil. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were detected in continuous cropping medium and soil. The content of ferulic acid was significantly higher than that of the other three, and the vanillin content was the lowest and had little correlation with the years of continuous cropping. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid showed obvious correlation with continuous cropping, and the accumulation of phenolic acids increased gradually with the successive cropping times, and increased significantly during the successive cropping period of 9-17 years. Compared with soil cultivation, the content of phenolic acid in substrate cultivation was less. 4. 4. The pH values of continuous cropping cucumber soil and substrate tended to be acidic, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and total phosphorus decreased with the increase of successive cropping times, and the substrate cultivation was higher than that of soil cultivation. The bulk density and EC value increased with the successive cropping times, but the substrate was lower than the soil, and the available potassium had no obvious change. 5. The urease, polyphenol oxidase and catalase in soil and substrate increased at first and then decreased with the increase of successive cropping times. The substrate cultivation was higher than soil cultivation, and the sucrase decreased slowly. Neutral phosphatase increased slightly, but there was no significant difference between the two cultivation methods. Soil sterilization could effectively kill soil pathogenic bacteria, the mortality of soil nematodes reached 98, Fusarium oxysporum mortality reached 86, the incidence rate was 0, and the plant growth index was significantly higher than that of unheated soil. During the continuous cultivation of cucumber, the incidence of diseases and insect pests was significantly reduced and the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles was retarded, which could effectively delay the continuous cropping obstacles caused by root knot nematodes and wilt. The experimental results can provide some technical guidance for field production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S436.421
，
本文編號(hào)：2379005
[Abstract]:Cucumber cultivation is the main production of protected vegetables. With the contradiction between the scale of facility production and specialized demand becoming more and more serious, the phenomenon of continuous cropping of cucumber is gradually aggravated, which has become an important restriction factor of greenhouse cucumber production. Pathogen accumulation is one of the main causes of continuous cropping obstacle. Fusarium wilt and nematode disease are two very important continuous cropping diseases. A large number of studies have shown that nutrient substrate cultivation can effectively solve the problem of vegetable continuous cropping obstacles. In this paper, soil cultivation and nutrient substrate cultivation were used to treat 1-19 consecutive cropping cucumber as experimental objects. The effects of soil culture and nutrient substrate cultivation on the incidence of cucumber disease were studied. The effects on the accumulation of pathogenic substances and the effects on pathogenic factors and disease resistance factors were explored in order to explore the role and mechanism of artificial nutrition matrix in solving continuous cropping disorders. To provide technical support to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber cultivation. The main results are as follows: 1. The two cultivation methods showed different degrees of continuous cropping obstacles, and the incidence rate increased with the extension of cultivation years, the incidence of 1-5 stubble was relatively low, and 7-17 stubble was increasing gradually. The disease index of the 17 stubble cultivated in soil was the highest, and the disease index began to decrease slowly after reaching 60 ~ 17 stubble. Compared with soil cultivation, the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation, which showed that the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation. 2. By calculating the (Fusarium Wilt) number of Fusarium oxysporum and the density of root-knot nematode in different subsoil, it was found that in the soil and substrate with high incidence rate, the content of Fusarium oxysporum and nematode was more, and the lower incidence was less. The number of Fusarium in the first crop was 5 times of that in the first crop and reached 50 脳 103cfu g ~ (-1) dry soil, and the pathogenic substances of the two diseases in nutrient substrate cultivation were lower than those in the soil. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were detected in continuous cropping medium and soil. The content of ferulic acid was significantly higher than that of the other three, and the vanillin content was the lowest and had little correlation with the years of continuous cropping. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid showed obvious correlation with continuous cropping, and the accumulation of phenolic acids increased gradually with the successive cropping times, and increased significantly during the successive cropping period of 9-17 years. Compared with soil cultivation, the content of phenolic acid in substrate cultivation was less. 4. 4. The pH values of continuous cropping cucumber soil and substrate tended to be acidic, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and total phosphorus decreased with the increase of successive cropping times, and the substrate cultivation was higher than that of soil cultivation. The bulk density and EC value increased with the successive cropping times, but the substrate was lower than the soil, and the available potassium had no obvious change. 5. The urease, polyphenol oxidase and catalase in soil and substrate increased at first and then decreased with the increase of successive cropping times. The substrate cultivation was higher than soil cultivation, and the sucrase decreased slowly. Neutral phosphatase increased slightly, but there was no significant difference between the two cultivation methods. Soil sterilization could effectively kill soil pathogenic bacteria, the mortality of soil nematodes reached 98, Fusarium oxysporum mortality reached 86, the incidence rate was 0, and the plant growth index was significantly higher than that of unheated soil. During the continuous cultivation of cucumber, the incidence of diseases and insect pests was significantly reduced and the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles was retarded, which could effectively delay the continuous cropping obstacles caused by root knot nematodes and wilt. The experimental results can provide some technical guidance for field production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S436.421
，
本文編號(hào)：2379005
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