【摘要】：我國的甘薯生產機械化發(fā)展水平低,尤其是在耗費人力較多的甘薯殺秧環(huán)節(jié),機械化水平不高,限制了農民生產積極性。因此,推行機械化殺秧已成為必然趨勢。本課題針對甘薯秧蔓生長特性和甘薯成熟期秧蔓的特點,探索性的研制了一種鏈條式甘薯秧蔓粉碎回收機,以期減少留茬高度和傷薯率、提高作業(yè)流暢性和適應性、降低薯秧回收機功耗,避免薯秧粉碎還田帶來的危害,為秧蔓回收機的結構設計提供新思路。主要研究內容包括:(1)整機結構設計。設計了一種甘薯秧蔓處理機械,能一次性實現秧蔓的切割、輸送、粉碎回收作業(yè)。整機設計主要包括往切割裝置、夾持輸送裝置、粉碎裝置,仿形挑秧裝置,動力傳動裝置。確定了回收機的工作原理和工作過程。(2)統(tǒng)計了成熟期甘薯的生長特性,進行了秧蔓莖稈物理特性試驗與分析。通過對薯秧主莖(切割器切割處)的剪切試驗得到了該位置的剪切力曲線。試驗表明,切斷薯秧主莖的剪切力隨秧蔓的含水率的減少而增加,含水率越低,秧蔓被切斷所需要的剪切力越大,為選擇甘薯秧蔓進行粉碎回收作業(yè)的合適時間與甘薯處理機的設計和制造提供了理論依據。(3)對關鍵部件進行了結構設計和參數分析,確定了仿形鏟、往復式切割器、夾持輸送裝置、粉碎機的結構參數和運動參數,得到的各零件參數分別為:仿形鏟傾角范圍7°-56°;切割裝置選用標準Ⅱ型的往復式切割器,切割速度2m/s,切割傾角選擇15°;選用夾持輸送鏈條作為整機的夾持輸送裝置,確定了鏈條的布置傾角22°,鏈條速度與機具速度之比K=2-3.1之間;粉碎機選擇錘片式粉碎機,得出了影響錘片平衡的兩個主要因素:主軸轉動角速度ω1和錘片繞銷軸的相對轉動的角速度ω2。提出了根據機器作業(yè)速度,確定往復式切割器、夾持輸送鏈及粉碎機的運動參數的作業(yè)方法。(4)利用ADAMS軟件,對切割裝置進行了運動學和動力學分析,通過虛擬試驗,以割刀受到的切割力F為評價指標,以機具速度vg、切割速度vm切割傾角α為影響因素,得到了割刀受到最小切割力時,三參數值分別為:5km/h,2.14m/s,15.18°。(5)對仿形挑秧裝置和切割裝置進行了性能試驗,為零件設計的優(yōu)化改進提供了參考依據。
[Abstract]:The level of mechanization of sweet potato production in China is low, especially in the stage of killing seedlings of sweet potato, which consumes more manpower, and the level of mechanization is not high, which limits the enthusiasm of farmers in production. Therefore, the implementation of mechanized seedling killing has become an inevitable trend. According to the growth characteristics of sweet potato seedlings and the characteristics of sweet potato seedlings in mature stage, a chain type sweet potato vine crushing and recycling machine was developed in order to reduce the stubble height and the rate of potato injury, and to improve the fluency and adaptability of the operation. To reduce the power consumption of potato seedling collector, to avoid the harm caused by crushing and returning the potato seedling to the field, and to provide a new idea for the structure design of the seedling vine collector. The main research contents are as follows: (1) structural design of the whole machine. A kind of processing machine of sweet potato seedling vine is designed, which can cut, transport and comminute the vine in one-time. The whole machine design mainly includes cutting device, gripping conveying device, crushing device, copying seedling picking device, power transmission device. The working principle and working process of the collector were determined. (2) the growth characteristics of sweet potato in mature period were counted and the physical characteristics of stem of seedling vine were tested and analyzed. The shear stress curve of this position was obtained by shear test on the main stem of potato seedling. The results showed that the shear force of the main stem increased with the decrease of the moisture content of the vine, and the lower the moisture content, the greater the shear force needed for the cutting of the seedling vine. It provides a theoretical basis for selecting the appropriate time for crushing and recovery of sweet potato seedlings and the design and manufacture of sweet potato processor. (3) the structural design and parameter analysis of key components are carried out, and the copying shovel and reciprocating cutter are determined. The structural parameters and motion parameters of the clamping conveyer and the pulverizer are obtained. The parameters of each part are as follows: the angle of copying shovel is 7 擄-56 擄; The standard type 鈪，

本文編號：2377960