【摘要】：豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)屬于半翅目蚜科,有紅色和綠色兩種生物型,是世界范圍內(nèi)豆科作物及牧草上的主要害蟲。綠色型豌豆蚜在我國分布范圍廣,且危害嚴重,而紅色型目前僅在我國西部地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn),且種群數(shù)量有明顯增加趨勢。本研究采用響應(yīng)面設(shè)計方法(試驗因素個數(shù):溫度、光照時數(shù))研究了不同試驗處理下紅色型和綠色型豌豆蚜生長發(fā)育、繁殖及生命參數(shù)的變化,以明確光照與溫度交互作用對兩種色型豌豆蚜種群生長及繁殖的影響,主要結(jié)果如下:1.光照與溫度交互作用對2種色型豌豆蚜發(fā)育歷期的影響兩種色型豌豆蚜若蟲歷期隨溫度升高而縮短;不同溫區(qū),若蚜歷期隨光周期的變化不同。不同溫度與光照時數(shù)下研究結(jié)果說明:紅色型若蚜在溫度為21℃,光周期為16L:8D時,最適宜生長,且若蟲期為8.64d;綠色若蚜在溫度為18℃,光周期為20L:4D時,最適宜生長,若蟲期為9.68d,從研究所得結(jié)論可見,溫度與光照對若蚜歷期的交互性不顯著,且溫度對其影響起主導(dǎo)作用;此外,光照對綠色型豌豆蚜若蚜歷期影響大于紅色型。2.光照與溫度交互作用對2種色型豌豆蚜成蚜壽命的影響研究結(jié)果表明,在溫度為22.5℃時2種色型豌豆蚜壽命最長,且低溫時壽命長于高溫時。試驗觀察表明:試驗條件為(30℃,16L)時,紅色型豌豆蚜在產(chǎn)蚜前期有54.19%出現(xiàn)死亡,不能完成其繁殖;而綠色型豌豆蚜在產(chǎn)蚜期才出現(xiàn)死亡,死亡率為58.33%;試驗條件為(30℃,22L)時,紅色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活1.25d時體色變綠而死亡,死亡率達63%。在高溫條件下,紅、綠色型豌豆蚜在光周期16L:8D時成蚜壽命較長;光周期22L:2D時成蚜壽命較短,且綠色型豌豆蚜成蚜壽命顯著高于紅色型。不同色型豌豆蚜對溫度、光照響應(yīng)的條件各不相同,紅色型成蚜在溫度為20.5℃,光周期為19L:5D時,壽命最長,達20.71d;綠色型成蚜在溫度為19.5℃,光周期19L:5D時,壽命最長,達27.23d。3.光照與溫度交互作用對2種色型豌豆蚜成蚜繁殖力的影響兩種色型豌豆蚜繁殖期在適溫22.5℃時最長。溫度較低時,紅色型豌豆蚜繁殖力大于綠色型;溫度較高時,綠色型豌豆蚜大于紅色型。通過對各處理成蚜繁殖期及繁殖力進行分析:溫度和光周期對兩種色型豌豆蚜繁殖期交互性不顯著;對繁殖力交互性顯著且紅色型豌豆蚜在溫度為22.5℃,光周期為19L:5D時繁殖力最高,為80.39頭/♀;綠色型成蚜在溫度為24.5℃,光周期為19.5L:4.5D時繁殖力最高,達106.96頭/♀。4.溫度與光周期對2種色型豌豆蚜種群參數(shù)的影響光照時間為19h時:在溫度為22.5℃時,兩種色型豌豆蚜凈增殖率(R0)最高;在12℃時平均世代周期(T)最長,種群加倍時間(Dt)最大。在溫度為22.5℃時:2種色型豌豆蚜R0在光周期為23L:1D時最小;在3種光周期下,紅色型豌豆蚜內(nèi)稟增長率(rm)在光周期為19L:5D時最大,綠色型豌豆蚜內(nèi)稟增長率(rm)在光周期為19L:5D時最大;光周期對周限增長率(λ)的影響順序為:23L19L15L。
[Abstract]:(Acyrthosiphon pisum) belongs to Hemiptera aphidae and has two biological types: red and green. It is the main pest of legume crops and forage all over the world. Green pea aphids are widely distributed in China and are harmful, but the red type is only found in the western part of China, and the population has a tendency to increase obviously. In this study, response surface design method (number of experimental factors: temperature, light hours) was used to study the changes of growth, reproduction and life parameters of red and green pea aphids under different experimental treatments. The effects of the interaction of light and temperature on the population growth and reproduction of two colored pea aphids were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. Effects of the interaction of Light and temperature on the Developmental duration of two Colored Pea aphids the nymphs duration of the two types of color pea aphids shortened with the increase of temperature, and the duration of aphids varied with the photoperiod in different temperature regions. Under different temperature and light hours, the results showed that when the temperature was 21 鈩，

本文編號：2373530