【摘要】：稻蝦共作技術(shù)是以稻作水田為條件,是一種充分利用稻田資源的高效稻田復(fù)合種養(yǎng)模式。本試驗(yàn)基于稻蝦生態(tài)系統(tǒng),研究稻蝦共育對(duì)水質(zhì)的影響。通過優(yōu)化氮磷肥施用,為改善水體理化性質(zhì)、改進(jìn)水肥管理措施提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)于2015年和2016年在湖北省潛江市后湖管理區(qū)以中稻泰優(yōu)390和克氏原螯蝦為供試材料。在大田條件下設(shè)置了稻蝦共作(RC)種養(yǎng)模式下秸稈還田不投食(SNF),秸稈還田投食(SF),秸稈不還田不投食(NSNF),秸稈不還田投食(NSF),5處理,3次重復(fù)和水稻單作(RM)。秸稈還田為全量還田,投食量按照小龍蝦體重的3%-5%進(jìn)行投食。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過對(duì)DO的研究表明,冬泡期,與進(jìn)水口相比,秸稈不還田處理的DO含量明顯高于進(jìn)水口,高于秸稈還田處理。相同的秸稈還田處理下,水稻單作的DO明顯高于稻蝦共作,水稻生育期,秸稈還田對(duì)水稻單作DO的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于稻蝦共作各處理的影響。(2)通過對(duì)銨態(tài)氮的研究表明,田面水中各處理與進(jìn)水口的銨態(tài)氮含量相比,進(jìn)水口的銨態(tài)氮含量都要高于各處理,從進(jìn)水口到田間銨態(tài)氮含量是遞減的。分蘗期田面水各處理均高于溝渠水,長穗期溝渠水各處理高于田面水。在水稻生育期,秸稈還田處理顯著高于秸稈不還田處理,在相同的秸稈處理下,投食的銨態(tài)氮含量高于不投食的銨態(tài)氮含量。說明秸稈還田與投食可以顯著提高銨態(tài)氮的含量。(3)通過對(duì)硝態(tài)氮的研究表明,田面水中各處理與進(jìn)水口的硝態(tài)氮含量相比,進(jìn)水口的硝態(tài)氮含量都要高于各處理,從進(jìn)水口到田間硝態(tài)氮含量是遞增的。水稻生育期,田面水和溝渠水中秸稈還田處理的硝態(tài)氮含量都要高于秸稈不還田處理,說明秸稈還田可以顯著提高硝態(tài)氮的含量。(4)通過對(duì)TN的研究表明,在冬泡前期,各處理TN含量都呈下降趨勢,從進(jìn)水口到田間TN含量是減少的,秸稈不還田處理高于秸稈還田處理;冬泡后期,各處理TN含量都呈下降趨勢,從進(jìn)水口到田間TN含量是減少的,秸稈還田處理高于秸稈不還田處理。TN在水稻分蘗期和長穗期,從進(jìn)水口到田面含量是遞減的。從整個(gè)生育期來看,田面水中RM-SNF含量最高;溝渠水中RC-NSF含量最高。說明秸稈還田可以明顯增加水稻單作的TN含量。(5)通過對(duì)TP的研究表明,冬泡期,各處理都呈下降趨勢,進(jìn)水口呈上升趨勢后穩(wěn)定。生育期從進(jìn)水口到水稻田TP含量是遞減的。秸稈還田顯著增加TP濃度,水稻生育期,由于水稻吸收及流失,TP含量基本保持較低濃度,各處理間無顯著差異。結(jié)實(shí)期,秸稈相同處理下,投食會(huì)增加TP含量。(6)秸稈還田并不能顯著提高水稻產(chǎn)量。同時(shí)稻蝦模式與水稻單作產(chǎn)量差異不明顯。相同秸稈處理下,投食可以顯著提高水稻產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:The technique of rice-shrimp co-cropping is based on rice paddy field, and it is a kind of high efficiency rice field compound cultivation model which makes full use of rice field resources. Based on rice shrimp ecosystem, the effect of rice shrimp co-culture on water quality was studied. By optimizing the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the scientific basis is provided for improving the physical and chemical properties of water and improving the management measures of water and fertilizer. This experiment was conducted in the Houhu area of Qianjiang City, Hubei Province in 2015 and 2016, using mid-rice Taiyou 390 and original crayfish as test materials. Under the condition of field, straw was returned to field without (SNF), straw, (SF), straw was not returned to field, (NSNF), straw was not fed on (NSNF), straw, and (NSF), 5 treatment was put into field under the model of rice and shrimp co-cropping with (RC). Three repetitions and (RM). Of Rice monoculture Straw was returned to the field in full quantity, and the feeding amount was 3-5% of the body weight of crayfish. The results are as follows: (1) through the study of DO, the DO content of straw non-returning treatment was significantly higher than that of water inlet treatment and straw returning treatment in winter bubble stage. Under the same straw returning treatment, the DO of rice monoculture was significantly higher than that of rice shrimp co-cropping, and the effect of straw returning to field on DO of rice monoculture was much higher than that of rice shrimp co-cropping at rice growth stage. (2) A study on ammonium nitrogen was carried out. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the inlet of each treatment was higher than that in each treatment, and the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased from the inlet to the field. At tillering stage, each treatment of surface water was higher than that of ditch water, and the treatment of ditch water at long panicle stage was higher than that of field surface water. In rice growth period, straw returning treatment was significantly higher than straw non-returning treatment, under the same straw treatment, the content of ammonium nitrogen was higher than that of non-feeding ammonium nitrogen. The results showed that straw returning and feeding could significantly increase the content of ammonium nitrogen. (3) through the study of nitrate nitrogen in the field surface water, the nitrate nitrogen content in the inlet of each treatment was higher than that in the inlet, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the field surface water was higher than that in the water inlet, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the inlet was higher than that in the field surface water. The nitrate content increased from the inlet to the field. In rice growth period, the nitrate nitrogen content of straw returning treatment in field surface water and ditch water was higher than that in straw non-returning treatment, which indicated that straw returning could significantly increase nitrate nitrogen content. (4) through the study of TN, it was found that in the early winter bubble stage, the content of nitrate nitrogen was significantly increased after straw returning into the field. The TN content of each treatment showed a downward trend, from the inlet to the field TN content is reduced, straw not returning to the field treatment is higher than straw return treatment; In the late stage of winter bubble, the TN content of all treatments decreased, from the inlet to the field, the content of TN in the straw returning treatment was higher than that in the non-returning field treatment. The TN content decreased from the inlet to the field at the tillering stage and the long panicle stage of rice. In the whole growth period, the RM-SNF content in the surface water was the highest, and the RC-NSF content in the ditch water was the highest. The results showed that straw returning to the field could obviously increase the TN content of rice monoculture. (5) through the study of TP, all treatments showed a downward trend in winter bubble stage, and the intake was stable after rising. The TP content decreased from the inlet to the paddy field during the growth period. Straw returning to the field significantly increased the concentration of TP, but there was no significant difference among the treatments because of the absorption and loss of rice, the content of TP remained at a relatively low concentration. The TP content was increased with the same treatment of straw. (6) returning straw to the field could not significantly increase the yield of rice. At the same time, there was no significant difference between rice shrimp model and rice monoculture yield. Under the same straw treatment, the rice yield could be significantly increased by feeding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S966.12

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