施肥對(duì)泡桐人工林土壤養(yǎng)分與微生物功能多樣性影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-08 13:16
【摘要】：泡桐我國(guó)重要的鄉(xiāng)土速生材樹種之一,商業(yè)化栽培于黃淮海平原等暖溫帶區(qū)域,然而,在亞熱帶地區(qū)泡桐僅為四旁綠化樹種,未形成規(guī)�；N植;近年來(lái),在湖南等亞熱帶區(qū)域已有商業(yè)化種植泡桐的需求,然而,如何評(píng)價(jià)亞熱帶區(qū)域泡桐林人工林地土壤養(yǎng)分、土壤微生物豐缺狀況,是目前泡桐林養(yǎng)分管理中亟待解決的關(guān)鍵性技術(shù)性難題之一。為了探討有機(jī)肥、復(fù)混肥與專用肥對(duì)泡桐人工林土壤養(yǎng)分以及微生物功能多樣性影響,本文選取了湖南省湘陰縣、茶陵縣泡桐人工林作為研究對(duì)象,布置了泡桐人工林肥料效應(yīng)施肥試驗(yàn),測(cè)定了不同施肥處理下泡桐生長(zhǎng)狀況、土壤養(yǎng)分特征及其動(dòng)態(tài)變化,并采用BIOLOG-ECO微生物生態(tài)板法測(cè)定了泡桐林地土壤微生物功能多樣性指數(shù),通過(guò)相關(guān)性分析法、主成分分析法和土壤質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)法等方法,探討了不同施肥措施下,泡桐人工林土壤微生物功能特征及土壤肥力質(zhì)量,擬為亞熱帶區(qū)域泡桐人工林種植與施肥提供理論依據(jù),具體結(jié)論如下:(1)施用泡桐專用肥能顯著提高泡桐的胸徑年增長(zhǎng)量,其肥效顯著高于有機(jī)肥、復(fù)混肥和對(duì)照處理。其中不施肥泡桐胸徑年增長(zhǎng)量為0.67cm,有機(jī)肥處理下增長(zhǎng)量為0.68cm,復(fù)混肥略優(yōu)于有機(jī)肥為0.71cm,施用專用肥的泡桐增長(zhǎng)量最大,達(dá)到1.01cm。說(shuō)明施用專用肥對(duì)泡桐生長(zhǎng)有顯著促進(jìn)作用。(2)土壤微生物功能多樣性結(jié)果顯示碳源利用率:專用肥復(fù)混肥有機(jī)肥不施肥。施用專用肥的土壤對(duì)微生物需求的營(yíng)養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)最優(yōu),主要表現(xiàn)在羧酸類(增長(zhǎng)量23.1%)和糖類碳水化合物(10.9%),復(fù)混肥也顯著促進(jìn)糖類(10.7%)、羧酸類(7.7%)增長(zhǎng);有機(jī)肥對(duì)糖類、胺類有促進(jìn)作用,但抑制了氨基酸的轉(zhuǎn)化;微生物可利用的聚合物、酚酸類與施肥無(wú)關(guān),其中復(fù)混肥有顯著抑制酚酸類的合成。(3)泡桐土壤養(yǎng)分與養(yǎng)分吸收動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征,土壤全氮含量在夏季最高,含量為1.67g/kg,葉樣中氮元素為春季最高,含量為38.27g/kg;土壤有效磷含量隨季節(jié)變化逐漸降低,而葉樣中磷元素含量比較穩(wěn)定,但與土壤中全磷、有效磷含量都呈顯著正相關(guān)(p0.05);土壤速效鉀含量隨季節(jié)變化波動(dòng)較大,葉樣中鉀元素在秋季顯著下降。其中土壤全鉀與速效鉀無(wú)相關(guān)性(p0.05),而土壤全磷與有效磷呈顯著相關(guān)(p0.05)。(4)三種施肥下泡桐人工林土壤粘粒含量顯著高于對(duì)照處理,相比較對(duì)照處理,三種施肥下砂礫含量均減少了 3%～4%,粘粒含量增長(zhǎng)了約7%,其中施用專用肥提高最為顯著達(dá),達(dá)到7.8%,說(shuō)明施肥優(yōu)化了土壤的組成結(jié)構(gòu)。(5)微生物功能多樣性對(duì)泡桐生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生了顯著影響,施用專用肥的微生物功能多樣性指數(shù)(H=4.25)顯著高于不施肥(H=3.85),其中植物樣的葉綠素與多樣性指數(shù)呈極顯著相關(guān)(α=0.801),與均勻度指數(shù)也達(dá)到了顯著相關(guān)水平(α=0.511)。同時(shí),微生物功能多樣性指數(shù)也與泡桐樹生長(zhǎng)量呈較顯著的正相關(guān)(α=0.5)。說(shuō)明施肥改善了微生物群落的生存環(huán)境,優(yōu)化了土壤養(yǎng)分整體結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)了泡桐對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的吸收,加快了泡桐樹的生長(zhǎng)。(6)不同施肥下泡桐人工林土壤、植物樣、微生物多樣性、泡桐長(zhǎng)勢(shì)等綜合分析,泡桐人工林土壤肥力結(jié)果顯示:專用肥顯著高于其他三組處理,單施有機(jī)肥和復(fù)混肥可以短暫提高土壤的個(gè)別指標(biāo)的含量,但綜合肥力相對(duì)對(duì)照樣地并沒(méi)有顯著提高,有機(jī)肥處理下綜合肥力指標(biāo)下降了。其中影響因子分布由大到小:土壤全磷、有效磷、有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效鉀、有效錳;pH、有效鋅、有效鈣、粘粒組成含量;有效鎂、微生物多樣性指數(shù)、全鉀、陽(yáng)離子交換量等。所以,對(duì)泡桐人工林影響最大的還是土壤中磷元素,在施肥時(shí)可優(yōu)先考慮。
[Abstract]:Paulownia is one of the most important local fast-growing wood species in China, and is commercial cultivated in the warm temperate regions such as the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. However, in the subtropical region, the paulownia is only four-side greening tree species, and large-scale planting is not formed; in recent years, It is one of the key technical problems to be solved urgently in the nutrient management of Paulownia forest in order to evaluate the soil nutrient and soil microbial abundance in the subtropical region of Hunan and other subtropical regions. In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and special fertilizer on the soil nutrient and microbial function of paulownia plantation, this paper chooses the paulownia plantation in Xiangyin County of Hunan Province as the research object, and arranges the fertilizer effect fertilization test of Paulownia plantation. The growth status of paulownia under different fertilization treatments, the soil nutrient characteristics and their dynamic changes were measured, and the diversity index of soil microbial function in Paulownia was determined by BIOLOG-ECO microbial ecological plate method, and the method of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and soil quality evaluation index method were adopted. The characteristics of soil microbial function and the quality of soil fertility of Paulownia fortunei plantation under different fertilization measures are discussed. The theoretical basis for planting and fertilization of Paulownia fortunei plantation in subtropical region is proposed, and the concrete conclusion is as follows: (1) The application of special fertilizer for paulownia can significantly improve the annual growth of the DBH of Paulownia fortunei. The fertilizer efficiency is obviously higher than that of the organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the control. In this paper, the annual growth of the non-fertilizing paulownia is 0.67cm, the growth of the organic fertilizer is 0.68cm, the compound fertilizer is slightly superior to that of the organic fertilizer, and the growth amount of the paulownia for the application of the special fertilizer is 1. 01cm. The application of special fertilizer on the growth of paulownia was indicated. and (2) the soil microbial function diversity results show that the utilization rate of the carbon source is that the special fertilizer compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are not fertilized. The nutrient structure of the soil for the application of the special fertilizer is the best for the microbial demand, which is mainly manifested in the acid (growth amount of 23. 1%) and the carbohydrate (10. 9%), and the compound fertilizer also obviously promotes the growth of the saccharide (10.7%) and the acid (7. 7%); and the organic fertilizer can promote the sugar and the amine. but the conversion of the amino acid is inhibited, the polymer used by the microorganism and the phenolic acid are not related to the fertilization, and the compound fertilizer has the effect of remarkably inhibiting the synthesis of the phenolic acid. (3) The soil nutrient and nutrient uptake of Paulownia in summer were the highest, the content was 1.67g/ kg, and the nitrogen content in the leaf samples was the highest in spring, the content was 38. 27g/ kg, the effective phosphorus content of the soil decreased with the change of the season, and the content of the phosphorus element in the leaf sample was relatively stable. However, the content of the total phosphorus and the effective phosphorus in the soil was positively correlated (p0.05); the content of the available potassium in the soil changes with the change of the season, and the potassium elements in the leaf sample decreased significantly in the fall. There was no correlation between the total potassium of the soil and the available K (p0.05), while the total phosphorus in the soil was significantly correlated with the effective phosphorus (p0.05). (4) The soil viscosity of the paulownia plantation was significantly higher than that of the control, and the content of the glutenite decreased by 3% ~ 4%, and the content of mucin increased by about 7%. The composition structure of soil was optimized by means of fertilizer application. (5) The microbial function diversity has a significant effect on the growth of paulownia, and the microbial functional diversity index (H = 4.25) of the application of the special fertilizer is significantly higher than that of the non-fertilization (H = 3.85), in which the plant-like chlorophyll and the diversity index have a very significant correlation (P = 0.801), and the uniformity index also reached a significant correlation level (p = 0. 511). At the same time, the index of microbial function diversity was positively correlated with the growth of paulownia (P = 0.05). The application of fertilizer improves the living environment of the microbial community, optimizes the whole structure of the soil nutrient, promotes the absorption of the paulownia to the soil nutrient, and accelerates the growth of the paulownia. (6) Comprehensive analysis of the soil, plant-like, microbial diversity and paulownia growth of paulownia plantation under different fertilization, the results of soil fertility of paulownia plantation show that the special fertilizer is significantly higher than the other three groups, The single-application organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer can improve the content of the individual indexes of the soil briefly, but the comprehensive fertility is not obviously improved, and the comprehensive fertility index under the treatment of the organic fertilizer is reduced. in which the distribution of the influence factors is large to small: soil total phosphorus, effective phosphorus, organic matter, quick-acting potassium, effective manganese, pH, effective zinc, effective calcium and sticky grain composition content, effective magnesium, microbial diversity index, total potassium, cation exchange capacity, and the like. Therefore, the most important to the paulownia plantation is the phosphorus element in the soil, which can be considered as a matter of priority in the application of fertilizer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S792.43
，
本文編號(hào)：2368412
[Abstract]:Paulownia is one of the most important local fast-growing wood species in China, and is commercial cultivated in the warm temperate regions such as the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. However, in the subtropical region, the paulownia is only four-side greening tree species, and large-scale planting is not formed; in recent years, It is one of the key technical problems to be solved urgently in the nutrient management of Paulownia forest in order to evaluate the soil nutrient and soil microbial abundance in the subtropical region of Hunan and other subtropical regions. In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and special fertilizer on the soil nutrient and microbial function of paulownia plantation, this paper chooses the paulownia plantation in Xiangyin County of Hunan Province as the research object, and arranges the fertilizer effect fertilization test of Paulownia plantation. The growth status of paulownia under different fertilization treatments, the soil nutrient characteristics and their dynamic changes were measured, and the diversity index of soil microbial function in Paulownia was determined by BIOLOG-ECO microbial ecological plate method, and the method of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and soil quality evaluation index method were adopted. The characteristics of soil microbial function and the quality of soil fertility of Paulownia fortunei plantation under different fertilization measures are discussed. The theoretical basis for planting and fertilization of Paulownia fortunei plantation in subtropical region is proposed, and the concrete conclusion is as follows: (1) The application of special fertilizer for paulownia can significantly improve the annual growth of the DBH of Paulownia fortunei. The fertilizer efficiency is obviously higher than that of the organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the control. In this paper, the annual growth of the non-fertilizing paulownia is 0.67cm, the growth of the organic fertilizer is 0.68cm, the compound fertilizer is slightly superior to that of the organic fertilizer, and the growth amount of the paulownia for the application of the special fertilizer is 1. 01cm. The application of special fertilizer on the growth of paulownia was indicated. and (2) the soil microbial function diversity results show that the utilization rate of the carbon source is that the special fertilizer compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are not fertilized. The nutrient structure of the soil for the application of the special fertilizer is the best for the microbial demand, which is mainly manifested in the acid (growth amount of 23. 1%) and the carbohydrate (10. 9%), and the compound fertilizer also obviously promotes the growth of the saccharide (10.7%) and the acid (7. 7%); and the organic fertilizer can promote the sugar and the amine. but the conversion of the amino acid is inhibited, the polymer used by the microorganism and the phenolic acid are not related to the fertilization, and the compound fertilizer has the effect of remarkably inhibiting the synthesis of the phenolic acid. (3) The soil nutrient and nutrient uptake of Paulownia in summer were the highest, the content was 1.67g/ kg, and the nitrogen content in the leaf samples was the highest in spring, the content was 38. 27g/ kg, the effective phosphorus content of the soil decreased with the change of the season, and the content of the phosphorus element in the leaf sample was relatively stable. However, the content of the total phosphorus and the effective phosphorus in the soil was positively correlated (p0.05); the content of the available potassium in the soil changes with the change of the season, and the potassium elements in the leaf sample decreased significantly in the fall. There was no correlation between the total potassium of the soil and the available K (p0.05), while the total phosphorus in the soil was significantly correlated with the effective phosphorus (p0.05). (4) The soil viscosity of the paulownia plantation was significantly higher than that of the control, and the content of the glutenite decreased by 3% ~ 4%, and the content of mucin increased by about 7%. The composition structure of soil was optimized by means of fertilizer application. (5) The microbial function diversity has a significant effect on the growth of paulownia, and the microbial functional diversity index (H = 4.25) of the application of the special fertilizer is significantly higher than that of the non-fertilization (H = 3.85), in which the plant-like chlorophyll and the diversity index have a very significant correlation (P = 0.801), and the uniformity index also reached a significant correlation level (p = 0. 511). At the same time, the index of microbial function diversity was positively correlated with the growth of paulownia (P = 0.05). The application of fertilizer improves the living environment of the microbial community, optimizes the whole structure of the soil nutrient, promotes the absorption of the paulownia to the soil nutrient, and accelerates the growth of the paulownia. (6) Comprehensive analysis of the soil, plant-like, microbial diversity and paulownia growth of paulownia plantation under different fertilization, the results of soil fertility of paulownia plantation show that the special fertilizer is significantly higher than the other three groups, The single-application organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer can improve the content of the individual indexes of the soil briefly, but the comprehensive fertility is not obviously improved, and the comprehensive fertility index under the treatment of the organic fertilizer is reduced. in which the distribution of the influence factors is large to small: soil total phosphorus, effective phosphorus, organic matter, quick-acting potassium, effective manganese, pH, effective zinc, effective calcium and sticky grain composition content, effective magnesium, microbial diversity index, total potassium, cation exchange capacity, and the like. Therefore, the most important to the paulownia plantation is the phosphorus element in the soil, which can be considered as a matter of priority in the application of fertilizer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S792.43
，
本文編號(hào)：2368412
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