【摘要】：本文從羌活的地理分布、資源現(xiàn)狀、人工馴化及栽培、化學(xué)成分、質(zhì)量控制及藥理學(xué)特性等方面闡述了此種藥用植物的研究概況,總結(jié)了羌活的研究成果,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前還缺乏羌活人工馴化及栽培、藥材品質(zhì)提升及預(yù)處理的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性的研究。針對羌活相關(guān)研究存在的不足,提出了羌活馴化后的藥材品質(zhì)、最適栽培年限、適種區(qū)分布、藥材品質(zhì)與生態(tài)因子的關(guān)系、藥材預(yù)處理方式及條件的系統(tǒng)性研究方法。以甘肅省栽培寬葉羌活主要產(chǎn)區(qū)(定西、隴南、甘南)的野生、栽培兩年、栽培三年的寬葉羌活根系為材料,分別測定根系的生物量指標(biāo)(根鮮重、根干重、主根長及直徑)以及主要活性物質(zhì)(羌活醇、異歐前胡素、揮發(fā)油、浸出物、多糖、總灰分及酸不溶性灰分)的含量,以此為指標(biāo)對野生與栽培、栽培兩年與三年、不同產(chǎn)地栽培兩年以及不同干燥方式處理的寬葉羌活品質(zhì)進(jìn)行評估;同時(shí)采集土壤樣品,分析測定土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效鉀等5種營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)的含量,分析檢測土壤容重、pH、土壤團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)(粘粒、粉粒、砂粒的比重)等物理指標(biāo)。通過Pearson相關(guān)、冗余分析(RDA)方法分析化學(xué)成分與土壤因子間的相關(guān)性。取得以下主要結(jié)果如下:(1)對比野生羌活與栽培羌活的產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì),栽培羌活的產(chǎn)量及活性物質(zhì)總量顯著高于野生羌活,栽培羌活的品質(zhì)較優(yōu)。(2)對比不同產(chǎn)地栽培兩年寬葉羌活的產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì),馬營、碌壩、陳塄坎以及甘布塔樣地寬葉羌活樣品的產(chǎn)量較高,單位重量樣品中活性物質(zhì)的相對含量較高,整體品質(zhì)較優(yōu),隴南地區(qū)、甘南高原為寬葉羌活推廣栽培的理想選址。(3)分析栽培寬葉羌活中化學(xué)成分含量與生態(tài)因子的關(guān)系,有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、有效磷、速效鉀、容重、pH、海拔、溫度等因子是影響寬葉羌活中活性物質(zhì)積累的主要因素,在寬葉羌活推廣栽培過程中,應(yīng)注意施肥量和配比以及合理選址。(4)分析栽培年限對寬葉羌活生物量、化學(xué)成分及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響,三年生栽培寬葉羌活根鮮重、干重、主根長及直徑較兩年生分別增加112.20%、104.78%、27.00%、18.35%,總產(chǎn)量為兩年生的2~3倍;三年生寬葉栽培羌活中有效成分總含量大幅增加,羌活醇、異歐前胡素、揮發(fā)油、浸出物、多糖含量分別增加128.11%、93.48%、73.42%、103.16%、79.49%;栽培三年羌活所得利潤較栽培兩年高出45.49%(5)對比不同干燥方式及條件下栽培寬葉羌活的品質(zhì)變化,陰干、60℃烘干兩種干燥方式下,寬葉羌活中主要活性物質(zhì)總含量較高,為羌活鮮樣的較優(yōu)干燥方式,大批量處理羌活鮮樣時(shí),宜采用60℃烘干。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the geographical distribution, resource status, artificial acclimation and cultivation, chemical composition, quality control and pharmacological characteristics of Radix Notopterygii were reviewed, and the research results of Radix Notopterygii were summarized. It is found that there is no systematic study on artificial domestication and cultivation of Notopterygium chinensis, quality improvement and pretreatment of Rhizoma Notopterygii. In view of the deficiency of the related research of Notopterygium chinensis, this paper puts forward the systematic research methods of the quality, the optimum cultivation years, the distribution of the suitable region, the relationship between the quality of the medicinal materials and the ecological factors, the pretreatment methods and the conditions of the medicinal materials after domestication of Notopterygium chinensis. The roots of Notopterygium gibbergii cultivated in Gansu Province (Dingxi, Longnan, Gannan) for two years and three years were used as materials. The biomass indexes (fresh weight of root, dry weight of root) were measured. The main root length and diameter, and the contents of main active substances (Notopterygium, isophorin, volatile oil, extracts, polysaccharides, total ash and acid insoluble ash) were used as indicators for wild and cultivation, cultivation for two and three years, The quality of Notopterygium gibbergii cultivated in different habitats for two years and different drying methods was evaluated. At the same time, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed, and the bulk density of soil and the structure of pH, soil aggregates (clay, silt) were analyzed, and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed. Physical indexes such as the specific gravity of sand. The correlation between chemical composition and soil factors was analyzed by Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis by (RDA) method. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with the yield and quality of wild and cultivated Notopterygium, the total yield and active substances of cultivated Notopterygium were significantly higher than that of Wild Notopterygium, (2) the yield and quality of Notopterygium gibbergii in two years' cultivation were compared, and the yield of samples from Ma Ying, Luoba, Chen Lengkan and Ganbuta samples were higher. The relative content of active substances in unit weight samples is higher and the whole quality is better. In Longnan region and Gannan Plateau, the ideal site for the extension and cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii L. was selected. (3) the relationship between the chemical composition content and ecological factors in the cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii L. was analyzed. Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, bulk density, pH, altitude, temperature and other factors were the main factors affecting the accumulation of active substances in Notopterygium gibbergii. Attention should be paid to the amount and proportion of fertilizer and reasonable site selection. (4) the effects of cultivation years on the biomass, chemical composition and economic benefit of Notopterygium gibbergii were analyzed, and the fresh and dry weight of root of three years old cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii was analyzed. The length and diameter of the main root increased by 112.20 and 104.78, respectively, and the total yield was 3 times of that of the two years old. The total content of active components in three-year-old broadleaf cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii increased significantly, and the contents of Notopterygium, isophorin, volatile oil, extract and polysaccharide increased by 128.1110. 48% and 73.42% 103.16%, respectively, and 79.49% of Rhizoma Notopterygii. The profit from three years' cultivation of Notopterygium was 45.49% higher than that of two years' cultivation. (5) the quality changes of Notopterygium gibbergii were compared under different drying methods and conditions, dry in shade and dried at 60 鈩，

本文編號：2321831