地龜消化系統(tǒng)形態(tài)學(xué)及食性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-09 15:11
【摘要】：地龜屬于地龜科(Geoemydidae),地龜屬(Geoemyda),共有兩種,地龜(G.spengleri)和日本地龜(G.japoica)。地龜在我國主要分布于海南、廣東、廣西等地區(qū)。近年來野外捕捉頻繁,野外地龜種群遭到了嚴(yán)重破壞,且人工飼養(yǎng)條件下成活率極低。為了整體了解地龜?shù)耐獠啃螒B(tài)學(xué)概況,探究地龜消化系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成和相關(guān)參數(shù),本文通過形態(tài)學(xué)方法詳細(xì)對地龜?shù)谋臣�、腹甲的盾片和骨板進(jìn)行繪圖和描述,并且通過大體解剖和活龜飼養(yǎng)的方法研究了地龜?shù)南澜Y(jié)構(gòu)組成和食性。后期走訪了地龜海南原產(chǎn)地的個別養(yǎng)殖戶,獲得了部分食性信息。從形態(tài)學(xué)方面看,地龜沒有腋盾和胯盾,背甲和腹甲均由盾片和骨板構(gòu)成。背甲盾片由頸盾(1枚)、椎盾(5枚)、臀盾(2枚)、緣盾(22枚)、肋盾(8枚)組成。背甲骨板由頸板(1枚)、椎板(7枚)、上臀板(2枚)、臀板(1枚)、緣板(22枚)組成。腹甲盾片由喉盾(2枚)、肱盾(2枚)、胸盾(2枚)、腹盾(2枚)、股盾(2枚)、肛盾(2枚)組成。腹甲骨板由上板(2枚)、內(nèi)板(1枚)、舌板(2枚)、下板(2枚)、劍板(2枚)組成。地龜頭部頸側(cè)有鮮艷條紋,眼大。頭頂部體色較深,頭部的腹側(cè)、喉部體色淺,有的個體呈淡黃色。上下喙略鉤曲,外覆有齒齦,地龜?shù)泥剐秃徒Y(jié)構(gòu)與其功能相適應(yīng)。地龜?shù)南到y(tǒng)由消化道和消化腺兩部分組成。消化道在形態(tài)學(xué)上主要分為口咽腔、食道、胃、小腸、大腸五部分。消化道全長為背甲最大直線長的3.70倍。小腸是地龜消化吸收的主要場所,占消化道全長的比例最大,為52.7%。消化腺主要有肝臟和胰腺,肝臟褐色,分為左右兩肝葉,覆壓包繞胃和腸。地龜平均肝重3.53g,肝體比為2.8%。膽囊在右肝葉內(nèi)側(cè),同十二指腸部分接觸。胰腺通過系膜伴隨十二指腸,有復(fù)雜的管路通向腸道。解剖消化道后可以確定野生地龜?shù)膭游镄允澄镏饕且恍├ハx及其幼蟲、馬陸等。如雙距螯蜂、條馬陸等。人工飼養(yǎng)條件下,地龜可捕食昆蟲綱、多足綱、寡毛綱、甲殼綱、蛛形綱等小型生物。通過野外調(diào)查走訪養(yǎng)殖戶可知地龜嗜食火龍果、環(huán)毛蚓、黃粉蟲等。本文將人工投喂時地龜?shù)牟妒承袨榇致苑譃橛^望、單眼凝視、靠近獵物、攝取獵物四個階段。地龜消化系統(tǒng)形態(tài)學(xué)的研究為地龜保育救護(hù)提供了第一手的資料,有助于確定本種龜灌胃的進(jìn)針深度,獲得消化道的走向特征,填補(bǔ)了該種龜在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究空白。對地龜消化道大體解剖后初步探明了其動物性食性的大致組成,豐富和補(bǔ)充了前人對地龜食性的研究結(jié)果。食性的相關(guān)研究結(jié)果有助于了解地龜?shù)囊巴馍?為野生地龜保育時的食譜提供參考。
[Abstract]:There are two species of ground tortoise (G.spengleri) and Japanese ground tortoise (G.japoica) belonging to (Geoemyda), of (Geoemydidae), family. Land tortoise is mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other areas in China. In recent years, the wild tortoise population has been seriously damaged, and the survival rate is very low under the condition of artificial breeding. In order to understand the general situation of the external morphology of the ground tortoise and to explore the structure composition and related parameters of the digestive system of the ground turtle, this paper makes a detailed drawing and description of the back armour of the ground turtle, the shield and the bone plate of the abdominal armour by the morphological method. The composition of digestive tract and feeding habits of ground tortoise were studied by gross anatomy and live tortoise feeding. In the later period, I visited some farmers in Hainan origin and got some information about food consumption. Morphologically, the ground tortoise has no axillary shield and hip shield. The shield consists of cervical shield (1), vertebrae shield (5), gluteal shield (2), edge shield (22) and rib shield (8). The plate consists of cervical plate (1), lamina (7), superior gluteal plate (2), gluteal plate (1) and marginal plate (22). The shield consists of laryngeal shield (2), brachial shield (2), thoracic shield (2), abdominal shield (2), femoral shield (2), anal shield (2). The abdominal plate consists of upper plate (2 plates), inner plate (1 plate), tongue plate (2 plates), inferior plate (2 plates) and sword plate (2 plates). The neck of the tortoise has bright stripes and big eyes. The top of the head is darker, the ventral side of the head, the larynx pale, and some individuals pale yellow. The upper and lower beaks are slightly crooked and covered with gums. The beak and structure of the tortoise are suitable for its function. The digestive system of ground turtle consists of digestive tract and digestive gland. The digestive tract is mainly divided into oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The total length of digestive tract was 3.70 times as long as the maximum straight line length of dorsal armour. The small intestine is the main place for the digestion and absorption of the ground tortoise, accounting for the largest proportion of the total digestive tract, 52.7%. Digestive gland mainly has liver and pancreas, liver brown, divided into left and right liver lobes, wrapped around the stomach and intestine. The average liver weight was 3.53 g and the ratio of liver to body was 2.8 g. The gallbladder is on the medial side of the right lobe, in contact with the duodenum. The pancreas passes through the Mesangium with the duodenum and has a complex pipeline leading to the intestine. After dissecting the digestive tract, it can be determined that the animal food of wild ground turtle is mainly insects and their larvae. Such as double talus chelating bee, striped horse land, etc. Under the condition of artificial breeding, the ground tortoise can prey on insects, polypods, Oligochaetes, crustaceans, arachnids and other small organisms. Through field investigation, it is known that the tortoise is fond of eating dragon fruit, wormworm, powdery mildew and so on. In this paper, the predation behavior of ground tortoise during artificial feeding is roughly divided into four stages: watching, gazing with one eye, approaching prey and ingesting prey. The study of the morphology of the digestive system of the ground tortoise provides first-hand information for the conservation and rescue of the ground turtle, helps to determine the depth of the feeding needle, obtains the characteristics of the digestive tract, and fills up the blank in the research of the species in the related field. After the gross anatomy of the digestive tract of the ground turtle, the composition of its animal diet was preliminarily discovered, which enriched and supplemented the results of previous studies on the eating character of the ground turtle. The results of this study are helpful to understand the wild habitat of the tortoise and provide reference for the conservation diet of the wild tortoise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4
本文編號：2320771
[Abstract]:There are two species of ground tortoise (G.spengleri) and Japanese ground tortoise (G.japoica) belonging to (Geoemyda), of (Geoemydidae), family. Land tortoise is mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other areas in China. In recent years, the wild tortoise population has been seriously damaged, and the survival rate is very low under the condition of artificial breeding. In order to understand the general situation of the external morphology of the ground tortoise and to explore the structure composition and related parameters of the digestive system of the ground turtle, this paper makes a detailed drawing and description of the back armour of the ground turtle, the shield and the bone plate of the abdominal armour by the morphological method. The composition of digestive tract and feeding habits of ground tortoise were studied by gross anatomy and live tortoise feeding. In the later period, I visited some farmers in Hainan origin and got some information about food consumption. Morphologically, the ground tortoise has no axillary shield and hip shield. The shield consists of cervical shield (1), vertebrae shield (5), gluteal shield (2), edge shield (22) and rib shield (8). The plate consists of cervical plate (1), lamina (7), superior gluteal plate (2), gluteal plate (1) and marginal plate (22). The shield consists of laryngeal shield (2), brachial shield (2), thoracic shield (2), abdominal shield (2), femoral shield (2), anal shield (2). The abdominal plate consists of upper plate (2 plates), inner plate (1 plate), tongue plate (2 plates), inferior plate (2 plates) and sword plate (2 plates). The neck of the tortoise has bright stripes and big eyes. The top of the head is darker, the ventral side of the head, the larynx pale, and some individuals pale yellow. The upper and lower beaks are slightly crooked and covered with gums. The beak and structure of the tortoise are suitable for its function. The digestive system of ground turtle consists of digestive tract and digestive gland. The digestive tract is mainly divided into oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The total length of digestive tract was 3.70 times as long as the maximum straight line length of dorsal armour. The small intestine is the main place for the digestion and absorption of the ground tortoise, accounting for the largest proportion of the total digestive tract, 52.7%. Digestive gland mainly has liver and pancreas, liver brown, divided into left and right liver lobes, wrapped around the stomach and intestine. The average liver weight was 3.53 g and the ratio of liver to body was 2.8 g. The gallbladder is on the medial side of the right lobe, in contact with the duodenum. The pancreas passes through the Mesangium with the duodenum and has a complex pipeline leading to the intestine. After dissecting the digestive tract, it can be determined that the animal food of wild ground turtle is mainly insects and their larvae. Such as double talus chelating bee, striped horse land, etc. Under the condition of artificial breeding, the ground tortoise can prey on insects, polypods, Oligochaetes, crustaceans, arachnids and other small organisms. Through field investigation, it is known that the tortoise is fond of eating dragon fruit, wormworm, powdery mildew and so on. In this paper, the predation behavior of ground tortoise during artificial feeding is roughly divided into four stages: watching, gazing with one eye, approaching prey and ingesting prey. The study of the morphology of the digestive system of the ground tortoise provides first-hand information for the conservation and rescue of the ground turtle, helps to determine the depth of the feeding needle, obtains the characteristics of the digestive tract, and fills up the blank in the research of the species in the related field. After the gross anatomy of the digestive tract of the ground turtle, the composition of its animal diet was preliminarily discovered, which enriched and supplemented the results of previous studies on the eating character of the ground turtle. The results of this study are helpful to understand the wild habitat of the tortoise and provide reference for the conservation diet of the wild tortoise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4
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