【摘要】：現(xiàn)階段我們所認(rèn)知的生物炭是指生物質(zhì)(包括農(nóng)作物秸稈等農(nóng)林廢棄物)植物組織以及污泥等廢棄物在特定的環(huán)境條件下裂解的產(chǎn)物。具有良好的理化性質(zhì),對(duì)改善土壤實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)等具有重要意義。有很多試驗(yàn)證明生物炭可以增加產(chǎn)量、提高品質(zhì)、改善株形,但是目前關(guān)于生物炭的不同材質(zhì)對(duì)作物的影響研究較少,不同生物質(zhì)制成的生物炭在理化結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)方面都會(huì)存在差異,對(duì)作物的影響也存在差異。本試驗(yàn)包括兩部分試驗(yàn)大田試驗(yàn)和盆栽試驗(yàn),4個(gè)材質(zhì)生物炭的處理,稻殼、花生殼、稻桿、食用菌棒。兩個(gè)處理品種:沈農(nóng)265和秋田小町。盆栽試驗(yàn)增加5個(gè)濃度:1.650%、3.3%、33%、66%、100%的生物炭濃度。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:1、不同材質(zhì)生物炭對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量的影響:不同材質(zhì)生物炭當(dāng)年施入對(duì)產(chǎn)量沒有明顯的差異,施加生物炭的產(chǎn)量要高于對(duì)照,增產(chǎn)表現(xiàn)在穗粒數(shù)和著粒密度。施入生物炭第二年在產(chǎn)量上表現(xiàn)的也不顯著,差異主要表現(xiàn)在結(jié)實(shí)率和穗著粒數(shù)上。生物炭施入第三年材質(zhì)同樣影響穗著粒數(shù)。2、不同材質(zhì)對(duì)水稻品質(zhì)的影響:施入生物炭三年中,食味值并沒有發(fā)生變化,對(duì)品質(zhì)的影響主要表現(xiàn)在加工品質(zhì)上,生物炭材質(zhì)不同會(huì)影響稻米的糙米率、精米率。稻殼炭處理的粒型較其他炭處理顯得短粗,當(dāng)時(shí)所有的炭處理在粒型上與對(duì)照沒有顯著差異。3、不同材質(zhì)生物炭對(duì)株形的影響:施加生物炭后,對(duì)分蘗、株高的影響不顯著,葉色高于對(duì)照,且濃度越高,葉色越深,生長越緩慢,生物炭濃度高會(huì)延長水稻的生育期。
[Abstract]:At present, we know that biochar is the product of biomass (including agricultural and forestry wastes such as crop straw), plant tissue, sludge and other wastes under specific environmental conditions. It has good physical and chemical properties, and it is of great significance to improve the agricultural production of soil. Many experiments have shown that biochar can increase yield, improve quality and improve plant shape, but there is little research on the effect of different materials of biochar on crops. Biochar made from different biomass has different physicochemical structure and properties, and the effect on crops is also different. The experiment includes two parts, field experiment and pot experiment, the treatment of 4 materials biochar, rice husk, peanut shell, rice rod, edible fungus rod. Two treatment varieties: Shen Nong 265 and Akita Omachi. The pot experiment increased 5 concentrations: 1.650 and 3.3% and 100% biochar concentration. The main results are as follows: 1. The effect of biochar with different materials on rice yield: there was no significant difference in the yield by applying biochar with different materials, and the yield of applying biochar was higher than that of control. The yield was increased by the number of grains per ear and grain density. The yield of biochar was not significant in the second year, and the difference was mainly in the seed setting rate and the number of grains per panicle. The effect of different materials on the quality of rice was also affected by the third year of biochar application. The food taste value did not change in three years after applying biochar, and the effect on the quality was mainly on the processing quality. Different biochar materials will affect the brown rice rate and the milled rice rate. The grain shape of rice husk carbon treatment was shorter and thicker than that of other carbon treatments. At that time, there was no significant difference between the grain type and the control. 3. The effect of biochar of different materials on plant shape: after applying biochar, the effect on tiller and plant height was not significant. Leaf color was higher than the control, and the higher the concentration, the deeper the leaf color, the slower the growth, the higher the concentration of biochar, the longer the growth period of rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511
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本文編號(hào)：2313796