【摘要】：稻田水熱通量對量化區(qū)域水熱平衡、物質交換和氣候變化研究具有重要意義。本文基于2013、2014年南京信息工程大學農(nóng)業(yè)氣象試驗站的稻田通量觀測試驗,通過修正渦度相關數(shù)據(jù),并結合實測及多種計算方法估算稻田水熱通量,探究各方法估算稻田通量有效性。并考慮了儲熱項、表面層阻力、土壤熱通量、穩(wěn)定度等因子,采用PM模型理論分析潛熱估算誤差源；渦度觀測中采用回歸分析分析下墊面結構、通量貢獻率以及輻射強迫項對渦度相關測量誤差,并著重分析源外通量模擬和貢獻率對渦度數(shù)據(jù)觀測誤差�；跍u度相關數(shù)據(jù)針對稻田干濕交替特性采用統(tǒng)計回歸分析、典型天氣對比和模型模擬研究了水層厚度變化對稻田能量分配的差異。主要結論如下：(1)以蒸滲計數(shù)據(jù)為準,對比分析渦度相關方法、渦度波文比能量平衡法、梯度波文比能量平衡法和廓線理論方法得到：各方法潛熱通量皆存在不同程度的低估,其中渦度數(shù)據(jù)與蒸滲計數(shù)據(jù)最為接近；受稻田能量缺失及水面熱通量定量誤差的影響,導致波文比能量平衡不及廓線理論方法；顯熱通量計算也有相似表現(xiàn)。(2)PM模型誤差分析表明儲熱項對蒸散模擬影響較大,其中移栽-拔節(jié)期水層儲熱作用大于成熟期；穩(wěn)定度對蒸散模擬較小,各時期以近中性和弱穩(wěn)定性為主的邊界層層結導致穩(wěn)定度修正效果表現(xiàn)為略微降低,變幅小于0.005mm·h-。渦度相關回歸誤差分析表明：測量誤差受輻射強迫項較大；下墊面結構改變,表現(xiàn)為增大葉面積及降低水層深度也將增大測量誤差。源外通量觀測誤差及足跡貢獻率分析表明稻田貢獻率與風向、穩(wěn)定度相關,平均貢獻率為63%。對渦度數(shù)據(jù)采用貢獻率修正各項指標大都有更好表現(xiàn)。采用能量閉合修正潛熱和顯熱有所提高,且顯熱提升幅度更大。(3)稻田能量分配中重點考慮了水層厚度變化。各通量與氣象因子、水層厚度的回歸分析表明水層厚度改變能量分配,其中白天潛熱7：00-13：00隨水層厚度增加而減�。�6：00-14：00顯熱略有增加,水面熱通量白天也隨水深增加,夜間各能量項趨勢相反。典型天氣通量對比得出：水層厚度增加增大水層儲熱,而從增加水面熱通量；可利用能量(Rn-Qs)的降低改變上層潛熱和顯熱分配,白天潛熱隨水層厚度增加而降低。由于水層厚度和冠層結構差異,稀疏期的能量分配差異更加明顯。顯熱受量級和儀器監(jiān)測影響未見規(guī)律性變化。采用雙源模型模擬水面和冠層對總潛熱貢獻表明：水層厚度增加主要抑制水面潛熱,而對冠層潛熱作用稍小。
[Abstract]:The water and heat flux of paddy field is of great significance to the study of water and heat balance, material exchange and climate change. In this paper, based on the flux observation test of paddy field at the agricultural meteorological test station of Nanjing University of Information Engineering in 2013 and 2014, the authors estimate the water and heat flux of rice field by modifying the vorticity data and combining with the measured data and various calculation methods. To explore the effectiveness of various methods for estimating paddy flux. The factors such as heat storage term, surface layer resistance, soil heat flux and stability were considered, and the error sources of latent heat estimation were analyzed by PM model theory. Regression analysis of the underlying surface structure, flux contribution rate and radiation forcing term is used to measure vorticity correlation error in vorticity observation, and the simulation of flux outside the source and the observation error of contribution rate to vorticity data are analyzed emphatically. Based on the vorticity correlation data, the statistical regression analysis was used to analyze the dry and wet alternation characteristics of paddy fields. The difference of water layer thickness on the energy distribution of paddy fields was studied by comparison of typical weather and model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the evapoosmometer data, the vorticity correlation method, the vorticity Bowen specific energy balance method, are compared and analyzed. The gradient wave specific energy balance method and the profile theory method show that the latent heat flux of each method is underestimated to some extent, and the vorticity data is the closest to the evapoosmometer data. Under the influence of energy deficiency in paddy field and quantitative error of water surface heat flux, the energy balance of Bowen ratio is not as good as that of profile theory. (2) PM model error analysis showed that the heat storage term had a great influence on the simulation of evapotranspiration, and the heat storage effect of water layer in transplanting-jointing stage was greater than that in mature stage. The effect of stability on evapotranspiration simulation is small, and the effect of stability correction is slightly lower than that of 0.005mm h-22 due to the near neutral and weak stability boundary layer junctions in each period. The regression analysis of vorticity correlation shows that the measurement error is greatly influenced by radiation forcing, and the change of the underlying surface structure shows that increasing the leaf area and reducing the depth of the water layer will also increase the measurement error. The analysis of the observation error and footprint contribution rate of the flux out of the source shows that the contribution rate of the paddy field is related to the wind direction and the stability, and the average contribution rate is 63. The contribution rate is used to modify the vorticity data. The modified latent heat and sensible heat by energy closure are improved, and the sensible heat is increased more. (3) the variation of water layer thickness is taken into account in the energy distribution of paddy field. The regression analysis of various fluxes and meteorological factors and water layer thickness showed that the water layer thickness changed the energy distribution, and the daytime latent heat of 7: 00-13: 00 decreased with the increase of water layer thickness. The sensible heat of 6: 00-14: 00 increases slightly, and the water surface heat flux increases with the water depth in the daytime, and the trend of each energy item in the night is opposite. The comparison of typical weather fluxes shows that the increase of water layer thickness increases the water layer heat storage flux, and the decrease of energy (Rn-Qs) can change the upper latent heat and sensible heat distribution, and the daytime latent heat decreases with the increase of water layer thickness. Because of the difference of water layer thickness and canopy structure, the difference of energy distribution in sparse period is more obvious. There is no regular change of sensible heat under the influence of order of magnitude and instrument monitoring. The double source model is used to simulate the contribution of water surface and canopy to the total latent heat. The results show that the increase of water layer thickness mainly inhibits the latent heat of water surface, but has little effect on the latent heat of the canopy.
【學位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S511;S162.53

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