【摘要】：通過無營養(yǎng)水培和富硒、足硒和缺硒土壤栽培小麥14天,收獲小麥莖葉部分并用ICP-MS測定其硒含量,研究了小麥對0-80μg/L(μg/kg)Se~(4+)和Se~(6+)的吸收和腐殖酸鈉的影響,探討不同地區(qū)調(diào)控小麥硒含量以生產(chǎn)達到國家富硒產(chǎn)品要求糧食的方法。無營養(yǎng)水培小麥,添加0.5 g/L腐殖酸鈉對小麥吸收Se~(4+)有促進作用,但對小麥吸收Se~(6+)有抑制作用,最高達對照的31.9%。在10-80μg/L Se~(4+)和Se~(6+)的培養(yǎng)濃度范圍對小麥莖葉部分生物量無顯著影響。水培小麥試驗結(jié)果可以作為調(diào)控依據(jù)直接應(yīng)用于設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)富硒農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。青海富硒土壤,南充足硒土壤,大骨節(jié)病區(qū)阿壩和金川土壤栽培小麥硒含量隨Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)濃度呈線性增加。除了添加Se~(6+)的阿壩土壤,土壤添加0.5 g/kg腐殖酸鈉對小麥吸收Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)都有明顯抑制作用,最高達83%。南充足硒、阿壩和金川缺硒土壤栽培小麥吸收Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)的特征分別相近,說明農(nóng)作物在某些土壤類型之間對Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)的吸收可以用同一關(guān)系式描述。無營養(yǎng)水培和土壤栽培小麥吸收更多Se~(6+)。水培小麥吸收的Se~(6+)約是Se~(4+)的6-10倍。不同土壤栽培小麥吸收的Se~(6+)約是Se~(4+)的3-12倍。土壤Se~(6+)含量是硒的植物有效性暨糧食硒含量相關(guān)性最重要硒形態(tài)。建議富硒土壤類型的劃分以Se~(6+)含量為指標。為了降低成本提高硒的利用率和保護環(huán)境避免硒污染,生產(chǎn)富硒農(nóng)產(chǎn)品土壤應(yīng)該施用Se~(6+)。按照人體健康所需硒的攝入量相關(guān)國家標準,富硒糧食硒含量以0.15 mg/kg為宜�？梢杂锰囟ㄍ寥繱e~(4+)和Se~(6+)濃度與糧食硒含量關(guān)系式計算所需要土壤的Se~(4+)和Se~(6+)濃度。如大骨節(jié)病區(qū)阿壩縣生產(chǎn)硒含量為0.15 mg/kg的糧食土壤需要的Se~(4+)為14.0μg/kg,或Se~(6+)為5.33μg/kg。建議Se~(6+)在播種時或生長前期施用。
[Abstract]:Wheat was cultivated for 14 days in non-nutritious water culture and selenium-enriched soil. Wheat stem and leaf parts were harvested and their selenium content was determined by ICP-MS. The effects of wheat on the absorption of 0-80 渭 g / L (渭 g/kg) Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) were studied. The methods of controlling the selenium content of wheat in different areas to meet the requirements of national selenium-rich products were discussed. The addition of 0.5 g / L sodium humate promoted wheat uptake of Se~ (4), but inhibited wheat uptake of Se~ (6). The culture concentration of 10-80 渭 g / L Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) had no significant effect on the biomass of wheat stem and leaf. The results of hydroponic wheat experiment can be used as the basis of regulation for the production of selenium-rich agricultural products in facility agriculture. The selenium content of cultivated wheat increased linearly with the concentration of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) in soils of Qinghai, Nanchong and Kaschin-Beck disease areas. In addition to the Aba soil supplemented with Se~ (6), the addition of 0.5 g/kg sodium humate significantly inhibited wheat uptake of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6), with a maximum of 833%. The characteristics of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) uptake by cultivated wheat in Nanchong, Aba and Jinchuan se deficient soils were similar, respectively, indicating that the absorption of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) by crops in some soil types could be described by the same formula. More Se~ (6) was absorbed by non-nutrient hydroponic and soil cultivated wheat. The uptake of Se~ (6) by hydroponic wheat was 6-10 times of that of Se~ (4). The uptake of Se~ (6) by wheat in different soils was 3 to 12 times that of Se~ (4). Soil Se~ (6) content is the most important selenium form in plant availability and grain selenium content. It was suggested that the content of Se~ (6) should be taken as the index for the classification of se rich soil types. In order to reduce the cost and improve the utilization rate of selenium and to protect the environment from selenium pollution, Se~ (6) should be applied to produce selenium-rich agricultural soil. According to the relevant national standard of selenium intake for human health, the selenium content of rich selenium grain is 0. 15 mg/kg. The relation between Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) concentrations and grain selenium content can be used to calculate the Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) concentrations of soil. For example, the Se~ (4) needed for producing 0. 15 mg/kg grain soil in Kashin-Beck disease area Aba County was 14. 0 渭 g / kg, or 5. 33 渭 g / kg for Se~ (6). It is suggested that Se~ (6) be applied during sowing or early growth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S512.1

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