【摘要】：植物防御是植物界普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象,是植物抵抗環(huán)境脅迫的主要形式。植物防御受遺傳因素控制,但是在不同的環(huán)境因素的誘導(dǎo)下,會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的防御反應(yīng)。植物化學(xué)防御主要是通過調(diào)節(jié)體內(nèi)防御酶活性和次生代謝物含量來抵抗環(huán)境脅迫。本文使用吡蟲啉和戊唑醇兩種懸浮種衣劑分別處理蠡玉35、圣瑞999和奧玉21三個(gè)玉米品種,研究了使用兩種懸浮種衣劑拌種時(shí),植物幼苗內(nèi)防御體系的變化規(guī)律。通過測(cè)定CAT、POD和PPO三種防御酶的活性和植物防御物質(zhì)(對(duì)羥基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、肉桂酸、丁香酸、香豆酸、水揚(yáng)酸、阿魏酸和香草酸)含量的變化,來研究這兩種懸浮種衣劑對(duì)玉米防御體系的影響,同時(shí)檢測(cè)植物防御有關(guān)物質(zhì)(丁布、酚酸和防御蛋白)基因表達(dá)量的變化,分析不同玉米品種在這兩種懸浮種衣劑拌種處理后,植物防御能力變化的情況。這對(duì)指導(dǎo)使用拌種劑與植物自身防御能力相結(jié)合,提高植物的防蟲抗病能力有實(shí)際意義。本次試驗(yàn)主要的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)蠡玉35、圣瑞999和奧玉21在使用吡蟲啉或戊唑醇拌種處理后,植物幼苗內(nèi)過氧化氫酶的活性明顯增加(使用吡蟲啉后,第8天時(shí)比對(duì)照組分別增大了3.6倍、2.3倍和2.8倍,使用戊唑醇后分別增大了2.4倍、3.2倍和2.3倍)。POD和PPO的活性變化相對(duì)復(fù)雜,第8天時(shí)蠡玉35在使用吡蟲啉拌種后POD的活性升高了62.6%,其它處理組的POD的活性都降低,不過在第18天時(shí)POD的活性也逐漸接近對(duì)照組活性。奧玉21經(jīng)吡蟲啉拌種處理后,第8天時(shí)PPO活性增加了37.5%,其它處理組的PPO均降低,其中圣瑞999幼苗葉片內(nèi)PPO活性受這兩種藥劑的抑制作用較強(qiáng),吡蟲啉拌種在第12天時(shí)PPO活性下降了33.3%,戊唑醇拌種在第8天時(shí)PPO活性下降26.3%。(2)蠡玉35使用吡蟲啉拌種后,檢測(cè)出的五種酚酸中,丁香酸和阿魏酸的含量顯著降低,第8天時(shí)分別比對(duì)照組降低了10.31μg/g和4.3μg/g,而第18天時(shí)接近對(duì)照組含量。在使用戊唑醇拌種后,咖啡酸和阿魏酸含量下降了3.39μg/g和6.31μg/g,在第18天時(shí),咖啡酸的含量逐漸恢復(fù)正常。圣瑞999在使用吡蟲啉拌種后所檢測(cè)到的五種酚酸含量均高于對(duì)照組含量。經(jīng)戊唑醇拌種劑拌種后,圣瑞999幼苗咖啡酸和阿魏酸含量雖然有所下降,但在第10天時(shí)已經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常水平。吡蟲啉拌種處理奧玉21后,五種酚酸含量均下降,其中對(duì)丁香酸和阿魏酸含量影響最大,在18天時(shí)比對(duì)照組降低了2.64μg/g和3.09μg/g。在使用戊唑醇拌種后,該品種幼苗內(nèi)只阿魏酸含量降低,且能在較短時(shí)間回復(fù)正常水平,而其它四種酚酸含量上升。(3)蠡玉35在使用吡蟲啉拌種后,第18天時(shí)Bx1、Bx6和PR-2a基因表達(dá)量分別下調(diào)3.89倍、3.67倍和1.5倍,其它基因表達(dá)量均上調(diào),丁布和直接防御蛋白的合成減少,而總酚和間接防御物質(zhì)的合成增加;使用戊唑醇拌種后,第18天,Bx6、MPI、TPS和FPS表達(dá)下調(diào)4.04倍、2.09倍、1.15倍和2.43倍,丁布、直接防御蛋白、間接防御物質(zhì)的合成減少,對(duì)總酚合成增加;圣瑞999使用吡蟲啉后,丁布、總酚、直接防御蛋白和間接防御物質(zhì)的合成都增加,使用戊唑醇拌種后,在14天時(shí),只有PR-2a表達(dá)下調(diào)3.01倍,丁布、總酚、間接防御物質(zhì)的合成增加,直接防御蛋白合成減少;奧玉21使用吡蟲啉拌種后,第18天時(shí),只有PAL表達(dá)下調(diào)3.48倍,丁布、直接防御蛋白和間接防御物質(zhì)合成有促進(jìn)作用,總酚的合成受到抑制,在使用戊唑醇拌種后,18天時(shí)Bx6、TPS和FPS表達(dá)下調(diào),丁布、間接防御物質(zhì)受到抑制,對(duì)總酚和直接防御蛋白的合成有促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:Plant defense is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the plant community, which is the main form of plant resistance to environmental stress. Plant defense is controlled by genetic factors, but under the guidance of different environmental factors, different defense responses can be generated. Plant chemical defense is mainly to resist environmental stress by regulating the activity of defense enzymes and the content of secondary metabolites in vivo. This paper deals with the changes of the defense system in plant seedlings when two kinds of suspension seed dressing agents were used to treat the three maize varieties, namely, Yuyu 35, Shengrui 999 and Oyu 21, respectively. The effects of these two kinds of suspending agents on the maize defense system were studied by measuring the activities of CAT, POD and PPO and the changes of plant defense substances (p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, Syringic acid, Xiangdou acid, water-soluble acid, ferulic acid and fragrant oxalic acid). At the same time, the changes of gene expression of plant defense related substances (butylphenol, phenolic acid and defense protein) were detected, and the changes of plant defense ability were analyzed. This is of practical significance to guide the use of anti-virus agent in combination with plant's defense ability, and to improve the insect-resistant and disease-resistant ability of plants. The main results of this experiment were as follows: (1) The activity of catalase in plant seedlings was obviously increased after the treatment with oxytetracycline or pentosan alcohol, and the activity of catalase in plant seedlings increased by 3. 6 times, 2. 3 and 2. 8 times higher than that of the control group. (2. 4 times, 3. 2 and 2. 3 times respectively) were increased after the use of pentode alcohol. The activities of POD and PPO were relatively complex, and the activity of POD was increased by 62. 6% and the activity of POD in other treatment groups decreased at day 8. However, POD activity gradually approached the activity of control group on day 18. The PPO activity increased by 37. 5% on day 8 and PPO activity in other treatment groups decreased, and the PPO activity decreased by 33.3% at the 12th day. The activity of PPO decreased by 26. 3% on day 8. (2) The content of Syringic acid and ferulic acid in the five phenolic acids detected was significantly lower than that of the control group at day 8, and the contents of the five phenolic acids were decreased by 10. 31 ug/ g and 4. 3 ug/ g respectively on day 8, and the content of the control group was close to the control group at day 18. The content of caffeic acid and ferulic acid decreased by 3.39 & mu; g/ g and 6.31 & mu; g/ g after use of sodium pentode, and the content of caffeic acid recovered gradually on day 18. The content of five phenolic acids was higher than that of the control group after the use of carvedilol. The content of caffeic acid and ferulic acid in the seedlings of St. Rainy's 999 seedlings decreased, but returned to normal level at day 10. After treatment of Oyu 21, the content of five phenolic acids decreased, in which the content of clove acid and ferulic acid was the largest, and the content of five phenolic acids decreased by 2.64 ug/ g and 3.09 ug/ g at 18 days. In addition, the content of ferulic acid in the seedling was decreased, and the content of other four phenolic acids increased in short time. (3) The expression levels of Bx1, Bx6 and PR-2a were decreased by 3.89, 3.67 and 1. 5 times respectively on day 18, and the expression levels of other genes were up-regulated. The expression of Bx6, MPI, TPS and FPS was decreased by 4.04 fold, 2.09 times, 1. 15 fold and 2.43 fold, 2. 09 times, 1. 15 fold and 2. 43 fold, 2. 09 times, 1. 15 fold, and 2. 43 fold, 2. 09 times, 1. 15 fold and 2. 43 fold, and the total phenol synthesis was increased. The synthesis of direct defense protein and indirect defense material was increased, and the expression of PR-2a was decreased by 3. 01 times on 14 days after use of pentode alcohol. only the PAL expression is down regulated by 3.48 times, the synthesis of the butylphenol, the direct defense protein and the indirect defense material is promoted, the synthesis of the total phenol is inhibited, It can promote the synthesis of total phenol and direct defense protein.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S513;S351.1

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