【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)分為兩部分內(nèi)容:第一部分,以Non-Reid和Dom群骨干自交系為基礎(chǔ)材料育成自交系,經(jīng)鑒定選用5個(gè)具有代表性的改良系為被測(cè)系,以Reid、Non-Reid、Dom群中品質(zhì)良好的骨干系為測(cè)驗(yàn)種,組配5×7共35個(gè)不完全雙列雜交組合,加之鄭單985、先玉335兩個(gè)對(duì)照品種,進(jìn)行雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)及配合力分析。第二部分,以試驗(yàn)設(shè)置6萬/hm2、8萬/hm2、10萬/hm2三個(gè)密度為主處理,5個(gè)改良系及7個(gè)骨干系共12個(gè)自交系為副處理,采用裂區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)方法,通過與倒伏率的回歸分析,研究影響玉米倒伏的主要因素及改良系在抗倒伏性狀上的改良效果。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.各主要性狀的雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)分析結(jié)果表明,單株產(chǎn)量超標(biāo)優(yōu)勢(shì)(鄭單985和先玉335)的組合有14個(gè),其中,超標(biāo)優(yōu)勢(shì)值大于20%的強(qiáng)優(yōu)勢(shì)組合有2個(gè),分別為JND2×PH6WC、JND5×8-F。改良系與Reid群、Non-Reid群、Dom群骨干自交系的雜交,各性狀雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)值均表現(xiàn)較好的雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)模式為(Non-Reid/Dom)×Reid,具有較高的增產(chǎn)潛力。這種雜優(yōu)模式是本地區(qū)今后的玉米主要優(yōu)勢(shì)模式。2.配合力分析結(jié)果表明,一般配合力分析綜合性狀表現(xiàn)較好的自交系為改良系JND2、JND3、JND5和骨干系PH6WC、鄭58。特殊配合力分析表明,35個(gè)雜交組合中,特殊配合力綜合性狀表現(xiàn)較好的組合有6個(gè),分別為JND2×鄭58、JND2×A87、JND3×PH6WC、JND4×PMO、JND4×A87、JND5×鄭58。在綜合性狀表現(xiàn)較好6個(gè)組合中,有3個(gè)組合的遺傳基礎(chǔ)為(Non-Reid/Dom)×Reid,進(jìn)一步說明“兩個(gè)類群間選系,第3群作測(cè)驗(yàn)種”這種模式具有可行性。3.不同密度下各節(jié)間莖稈壓碎強(qiáng)度分析表明,各自交系莖稈壓碎強(qiáng)度隨節(jié)間上升、密度的增加均呈下降趨勢(shì),表現(xiàn)為第3節(jié)間至第5節(jié)間的下降幅度大于第2節(jié)間至第3節(jié)間的幅度。莖稈壓碎強(qiáng)度改良效果較好的改良系為JND1、JND2和JND5,以JND5最好。倒伏率改良效果較好的改良系為JND2、JND5。4.莖稈主要性狀與倒伏率的通徑分析和偏相關(guān)分析顯示,各節(jié)間壓碎強(qiáng)度、節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、穗位高系數(shù)、干重是決定倒伏率的首要因素。單位節(jié)間干物質(zhì)量、長(zhǎng)粗比、穗位、節(jié)間直徑對(duì)倒伏率也有不同程度的影響。其中,壓碎強(qiáng)度、干重、單位節(jié)間干物質(zhì)量和節(jié)間直徑對(duì)倒伏率呈負(fù)向效應(yīng),有一定的限制作用;節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、穗位高系數(shù)、干重和穗位對(duì)倒伏率的效應(yīng)為正效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The experiment was divided into two parts: in the first part, the inbred lines were bred from the backbone inbred lines of Non-Reid and Dom groups. Five representative improved lines were selected as tested lines, and the backbone lines with good quality in Reid,Non-Reid,Dom group were selected as test species. The heterosis and combining ability of 35 incomplete diallel crosses, plus Zhengdan 985 and Xianyu 335, were analyzed. In the second part, we set up three densities of 60,000 / hm ~ 2, 80,000 / hm ~ 2 and 100000 / hm ~ 2, and 12 inbred lines of 5 improved lines and 7 backbone lines were used as secondary treatments. The method of split zone design was adopted, and the regression analysis with lodging rate was adopted. The main factors affecting lodging in maize and the improvement effect of improved lines on lodging resistance were studied. The main results are as follows: 1. The results of heterosis analysis of main characters showed that there were 14 combinations with yield exceeding standard per plant (Zhengdan 985 and Xianyu335), among which, there were 2 strong heterosis combinations (JND2 脳 PH6WC,JND5 脳 8-F), where the value of excess heterosis was more than 20%. The heterosis pattern of heterosis between the improved line and the backbone inbred line of Reid Non-Reid group was (Non-Reid/Dom) 脳 Reid, with higher yield potential. This heterosis pattern is the main dominant pattern of maize in this area. The results of combining ability analysis showed that the inbred lines with better comprehensive traits in general combining ability analysis were improved line JND2,JND3,JND5 and backbone line PH6WC, Zheng58. The results of special combining ability analysis showed that there were 6 combinations with better comprehensive traits of special combining ability, which were JND2 脳 Zheng 58 (JND2 脳 A87) JND3 脳 PH6WC,JND4 脳 PMO,JND4 脳 A87 (JND5 脳 Zheng 58). The genetic basis of three combinations was (Non-Reid/Dom) 脳 Reid, which further showed that the model of "selecting lines between two groups and using group 3 as test species" was feasible. The analysis of crushing strength of internode culm at different densities showed that the crushing strength of stem increased with the increase of internode density, and the density increased with the increase of internode density. The decrease from the third Internode to the 5th Internode was greater than that from the second Internode to the third Internode. JND1,JND2 and JND5, were the best lines for improving the crushing strength of stem. JND5 was the best. The improved line with better effect of lodging rate improvement is JND2,JND5.4.. Path analysis and partial correlation analysis of the main characters of stem and lodging rate showed that the crushing strength, Internode length, ear height coefficient and dry weight were the primary factors to determine the lodging rate. Dry weight of unit Internode, ratio of length to diameter, ear position and Internode diameter also had different effects on lodging rate. Among them, crushing strength, dry weight, dry weight per unit Internode and internode diameter have negative effect on lodging rate, and the effects of Internode length, ear height coefficient, dry weight and ear position on lodging rate are positive effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S513

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