【摘要】：蘋果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella L.是世界上最重要的果樹害蟲之一,幾乎遍布絕大多數(shù)蘋果和梨種植地區(qū)。自1957年張學(xué)祖首次報(bào)道該蟲在我國新疆發(fā)生以來,該蟲現(xiàn)已分布于新疆全局,甘肅大部,以及寧夏、內(nèi)蒙古、黑龍江局部地區(qū)。遼寧省自2014年在局部地區(qū)也發(fā)現(xiàn)了該蟲的疫情,這對(duì)遼寧省及環(huán)渤海灣優(yōu)勢(shì)果區(qū)果業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重威脅。國內(nèi)外針對(duì)蘋果蠹蛾已開展了大量綜合防治研究,但不同果區(qū)內(nèi)該蟲的發(fā)生情況和規(guī)律有很大差別,難以完全借鑒。因此,本文通過對(duì)蘋果蠹蛾在遼寧省疫區(qū)的發(fā)生特點(diǎn)、抗性相關(guān)靶基因突變現(xiàn)狀以及綜合防控技術(shù)3個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究,以期為該蟲綜合治理提供理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.遼寧省蘋果蠹蛾發(fā)生特點(diǎn)通過對(duì)遼寧省彰武縣蘋果蠹蛾進(jìn)行連續(xù)三年的監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)查,探明了蘋果蠹蛾的發(fā)生規(guī)律。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,蘋果蠹蛾在遼寧省彰武縣地區(qū)1年發(fā)生2代:第一代從5月中旬到9月下旬,越冬代從7月中旬到翌年6月下旬;從4月下旬至9月下旬,蘋果蠹蛾成蟲共有2次發(fā)生高峰:第1次為5月下旬,第2次為7月中旬至下旬;蘋果蠹蛾在2016年全年內(nèi)有2次明顯的蛀果率高峰期:第1次為6月下旬至7月上旬,第2次為8月上旬。蘋果蠹蛾幼蟲從6月份開始脫果化蛹,蛹期為9.95±0.89d。幼蟲在梨上取食偏好為:早酥梨蘋果梨南果梨。老熟幼蟲更趨向于脫果后直接掉落到地上再從地上沿著樹干往上爬并在老翹皮下尋找合適位置化蛹。2.抗性相關(guān)靶基因突變檢測(cè)通過對(duì)田間采集的4個(gè)遼寧省蘋果蠹蛾地理種群進(jìn)行乙酰膽堿酯酶基因Cpace1F399片段和鈉離子通道基因L1014片段的PCR擴(kuò)增及序列分析,結(jié)果表明,遼寧省4個(gè)蘋果蠹蛾地理種群乙酰膽堿酯酶基因Cpacel 399位點(diǎn)均米發(fā)生F399V或其他突變,但鈉離子通道基因1014位點(diǎn)均發(fā)生了 L1014F突變,表明該4個(gè)蘋果蠹蛾地理種群可能對(duì)擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗性。3.綜合防控技術(shù)研究采用農(nóng)業(yè)防治和化學(xué)殺蟲劑防治方法研究了對(duì)蘋果蠹蛾的防治效果。結(jié)果表明:清潔果園能夠顯著降低蘋果蠹蛾成蟲發(fā)生;人工設(shè)置化蛹場(chǎng)所誘集蘋果蠹蛾是有效的防治措施。其中,麻類植物纖維材質(zhì)的麻布條人工化蛹場(chǎng)所對(duì)蘋果蠹蛾老熟幼蟲具有顯著的誘集效果。在化學(xué)防治方面,馬氰乳油表現(xiàn)較好的速效性,但持效性較差。
[Abstract]:Cydia pomonella L. Is one of the world's most important fruit pests, almost throughout the majority of apple and pear growing areas. Since Zhang Xuezu first reported the occurrence of the insect in Xinjiang in 1957, it has been distributed in Xinjiang, most of Gansu, and parts of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. The outbreak of the insect has also been detected in some areas of Liaoning Province since 2014, which poses a serious threat to fruit production in Liaoning Province and the dominant fruit regions around Bohai Bay. A large number of comprehensive control studies have been carried out at home and abroad, but the occurrence and regularity of this insect in different fruit areas are very different, so it is difficult to use for reference completely. Therefore, in this paper, the occurrence characteristics, the current status of resistance related target gene mutation and the comprehensive control techniques of the moth in Liaoning Province were studied in order to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the comprehensive management of the moth. The main results are as follows: 1. The occurrence characteristics of apple moth in Liaoning Province through monitoring and investigation of apple moth in Zhangwu County Liaoning Province for three years the occurrence regularity of apple moth was proved. The results showed that two generations of the moth occurred in a year in Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province: the first generation was from mid-May to late September, the winter generation was from mid-July to late June of the following year, and the period from late April to late September, and from late April to late September. There were two peaks of adult apple moth, the first from late May and the second from mid-July to late July, and the first from late June to early July, and the second from mid-July to late July, and there were two obvious fruit borer peaks in the whole year of 2016, the first was from late June to early July, and the second was from late June to early July, and the first was from late June to early July. The second time is early August. The pupal stage of the larva was 9.95 鹵0.89 days. Larval feeding preference on pear is: Zaoshu pear, apple pear, Nanguo pear. The mature larvae tend to drop directly to the ground after taking off the fruit, then climb up the trunk from the ground and look for a suitable place to pupate. 2. The mutation of resistance-related target gene was detected by PCR amplification and sequence analysis of Cpace1F399 fragment of acetylcholinesterase gene and L1014 fragment of sodium channel gene in 4 populations of Helicus japonicus collected in the field. There were F399V or other mutations in the Cpacel 399 locus of four populations of the beetle moth in Liaoning Province, but L1014F mutation occurred at the 1014 locus of sodium channel gene. The results indicated that the geographic populations of the four beetle moths might be resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. The effects of agricultural control and chemical insecticide control were studied. The results showed that clean orchard could significantly reduce the occurrence of adult apple moth, and artificial pupation was an effective control measure. The artificial pupation of hemp cloth strips made of hemp fiber had a remarkable attraction effect on the mature larvae of the beetle moth. In the aspect of chemical control, melamine emulsifiable oil showed good quick effect, but poor persistence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S436.6

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