【摘要】：玉米秸稈因其生物學(xué)產(chǎn)量占整株玉米的50%以上,是我國農(nóng)牧區(qū)主要飼料來源,也是反芻牲畜主要的青貯原材料,這對促進(jìn)畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展起重要的作用,秸稈的飼用品質(zhì)直接影響到秸稈自身資源利用價(jià)值.本試驗(yàn)共分兩年,通過對不同品種秸稈粗蛋白含量、籽粒粗蛋白含量進(jìn)行比較,對秸稈粗蛋白含量積累規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究,并對其飼用品質(zhì)和能量進(jìn)行測定,選出較優(yōu)的品種。通過在不同生育時(shí)期施入不同水平的氮肥以及不同生育期施入相同水平的氮肥對秸稈飼用品質(zhì)及籽粒產(chǎn)量的影響做了相關(guān)研究,從而找出氮肥對玉米秸稈飼用品質(zhì)和籽粒產(chǎn)量之間耦合規(guī)律的影響,為實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈資源利用打下基礎(chǔ)。主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:(1)玉米秸稈每個(gè)品種粗蛋白含量在不同的時(shí)期積累量總體呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,且品種之間的積累量變化差異較大,華農(nóng)887,先玉335,鄭單958,浚單20,平玉8號5個(gè)品種中,浚單20的變化量最小,積累變化率為16.551%,平玉8號的變化量最大,積累變化率為18.532%,在收獲期,先玉335(8.841%),鄭單958(8.465%),平玉8號(8.170%)粗蛋白的含量較高。(2)比較45個(gè)春播和25個(gè)夏播品種,本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):春播品種在相同的種植條件下,對玉米秸稈的4個(gè)品質(zhì)性狀(粗纖維CF、酸性洗滌纖維ADF、中性洗滌纖維NDF和粗蛋白CP)進(jìn)行比較,挑選出了3個(gè)有代表性的品種,德潤98:CF(20.80%),ADF(26.32%),NDF(51.00%),CP(9.63%)、鄭單958:CF(20.23%),ADF(24.95%),NDF(51.57%),CP(8.68%)、登海618:CF(18.57%),ADF(22.42%),NDF(51.23%),CP(8.80%)。夏播品種同樣挑選出了3個(gè)有代表性的品種,先玉335:CF(25.01%),ADF(30.53%),NDF(45.58%),CP(6.24%)、鄭單958:CF(24.64%),ADF(28.35%),NDF(55.79%),CP(7.30%)、晉單52號:CF(31.40%),ADF(29.73%),NDF(63.13%),CP(7.26%),以上品種皆反映秸稈中纖維各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)越低,粗蛋白含量越高這一特性,更利于飼用。(3)關(guān)于秸稈能量的研究,本試驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)品種間秸稈的能量存在較大差異,其中以鄭單958的熱值(15.82kJ/g)最高,說明該品種適合作為高能秸稈飼料供今后參考。(4)5個(gè)生育時(shí)期(拔節(jié)期、抽雄期、灌漿期、蠟熟期、完熟期)追施氮肥,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在拔節(jié)期和大喇叭口期追施氮肥會降低纖維含量,提高秸稈中粗蛋白的含量和籽粒產(chǎn)量,通過對施肥時(shí)期、秸稈飼用品質(zhì)以及產(chǎn)量做相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)施肥時(shí)期與產(chǎn)量呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān)。(5)不同時(shí)期不同品種施用不同水平的氮肥對秸稈飼用品質(zhì)和籽粒產(chǎn)量的影響,隨著施肥量的增加,秸稈中粗纖維、酸性洗滌纖維、中性洗滌纖維的含量會先降低,但隨著施肥量的持續(xù)增加,秸稈中的3項(xiàng)纖維含量又會升高,且在拔節(jié)期時(shí)變化較為顯著,說明在拔節(jié)期對于品種追施適當(dāng)?shù)牡蕦τ谔岣呓斩挼娘曈闷焚|(zhì)有較大的作用。而秸稈中粗蛋白的含量及玉米籽粒產(chǎn)量則會隨著施氮量的增加而增加,但過高的施氮量則會降低秸稈中粗蛋白的含量及籽粒產(chǎn)量。通過對施氮水平、產(chǎn)量以及秸稈飼用品質(zhì)三者做相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量與酸性洗滌纖維和中性洗滌纖維指標(biāo)含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與秸稈中粗蛋白含量呈極顯著正相關(guān)。綜上所述,說明適當(dāng)?shù)纳L時(shí)期追施氮肥可以降低秸稈中各類纖維的含量,提高秸稈中粗蛋白含量及玉米的產(chǎn)量,因而適當(dāng)?shù)纳L時(shí)期施入適當(dāng)?shù)牡蕦τ谔岣呓斩掞曈闷焚|(zhì)和產(chǎn)量有較大的作用。(6)品種間秸稈粗蛋白和籽粒粗蛋白含量的比較中研究發(fā)現(xiàn):玉米籽粒粗蛋白含量越高,秸稈粗蛋白含量越高,籽粒粗蛋白含量越低,秸稈中粗蛋白含量越低。
[Abstract]:Corn straw is the main feed source and silage raw material for ruminant livestock in China because its biological yield accounts for more than 50% of the whole maize plant. It plays an important role in promoting the development of animal husbandry. The feed quality of corn straw has a direct impact on the utilization value of straw resources. Straw crude protein content and grain crude protein content were compared. The accumulation rule of straw crude protein content was studied, and the feed quality and energy were determined to select the better varieties. The main results were as follows: (1) The crude protein content of each variety of corn stalk showed a downward trend at different stages, and the total accumulation of crude protein content of each variety of corn stalk showed a downward trend at different stages. Among the 5 cultivars of Huanong 887, Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, Xundan 20 and Pingyu 8, the change of Xundan 20 was the smallest, the change rate of accumulation was 16.551%, Pingyu 8 was the biggest, the change rate of accumulation was 18.532%. In the harvest period, Xianyu 335 (8.841%), Zhengdan 958 (8.465%) and Pingyu 8 (8.170%) had higher crude protein content. (2) Comparing 45 spring-sown and 25 summer-sown varieties, the results showed that: under the same planting conditions, spring-sown varieties were compared with four quality traits of corn straw (crude fiber CF, acid washing fiber ADF, neutral washing fiber NDF and crude protein CP), and three representative varieties were selected, Delun 98:CF (20.80%), ADF (26.32%), NDF (51.32%). 00%, CP (9.63%), CP (9.63%), Zhengdan958:CF (20.23%), ADF (24.95%), NDF (24.95%), NDF (51.57%), CP (8.68%), Denhai 618:CF (18.57%), ADF (22.42%),, NDF (51.23%), CP (8.80%), CP (9.63%), Zhengdan958:CF (18.57%), ADF (22.42%),, NDF (51.23%), CP (8.80.80%). Summsowing varieties also selected three representative varieties, XianYu335:CF (25.05:CF (25.01%),ADF (30.53%),NDF (45.58%, CP (45.58%),CP (45.58%, CP (6.24.NDF (55.79%), CP (7.30%), Jindan 52 No. 3: CF (31.40%), ADF (29.73%), NDF (63.13%) and CP (7.26%). The above varieties all reflect the characteristics of lower fiber and higher crude protein content in straw, which is more conducive to feeding. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application at jointing stage and flaring stage could decrease fiber content and increase crude protein content and grain yield of the straw. The straw was fed at the stage of fertilization. The correlation analysis of quality and yield showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between fertilization period and yield. (5) The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on straw quality and grain yield at different stages of application of different varieties. With the increase of fertilizer application, the contents of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in straw decreased at first, but the content of neutral detergent fiber decreased. With the continuous increase of fertilizer application, the content of three fibers in straw will increase again, and the change is more significant at jointing stage, which indicates that the application of appropriate nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage has a great effect on improving the feed quality of straw, while the content of crude protein in straw and the yield of corn grain will increase with the increase of nitrogen application. The results showed that the yield was negatively correlated with the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, and positively correlated with the content of crude protein in straw. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer at suitable growth stage could reduce the content of fiber in straw, increase the content of crude protein in straw and the yield of maize, so the application of nitrogen fertilizer at suitable growth stage could improve the quality and yield of straw feed greatly. (6) The content of crude protein in straw and grain between varieties. The results showed that the higher the crude protein content in corn grain, the higher the crude protein content in straw, the lower the crude protein content in grain and the lower the crude protein content in straw.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津農(nóng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S816;S548

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