【摘要】：小粒咖啡是云南特色經(jīng)濟作物之一,其種植面積和產(chǎn)量占全國比重達90%以上。干熱河谷區(qū)是小粒咖啡適宜的種植區(qū)域,但該區(qū)干旱缺水、光照強烈、土壤保水性差,嚴重制約小�？Х鹊纳L和生產(chǎn)。本研究重點闡述了不同灌溉和遮蔭水平對小�？Х壬L、光合特性、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,探明小粒咖啡高產(chǎn)的水光優(yōu)化管理模式。本研究以小�？Х葹楣┰嚥牧�,通過在云南保山潞江壩開展為期2a的水光組合大田試驗,主要研究了不同灌水和遮蔭水平對小�？Х壬L指標、土壤含水率、光合特性、葉片水分利用效率、葉片光能利用效率、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響。試驗設(shè)3個灌水水平(高水:WH、中水:WM和低水:WL)和4個遮蔭水平(重度遮蔭SH:40%自然光照、中度遮蔭SM:55%自然光照、輕度遮蔭SL:70%自然光照和不遮蔭So:100%自然光照)。研究取得了以下重要結(jié)論:(1)與WL相比,增加灌水量顯著提高小粒咖啡的生長指標(株高、莖粗、冠幅、新枝長度和芽數(shù)量);與So相比,SM和SH不利于小粒咖啡生長,但SL促進小�？Х鹊纳L。WHSL處理的小�？Х戎旮摺⑶o粗和新枝長度均最大,冠幅和芽數(shù)量僅小于WHSM。(2)不同灌水和遮蔭水平下,小粒咖啡葉片的凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度和胞間C02濃度均呈“單峰曲線”。與WL相比,增加灌水量提高最大凈光合速率10.96%～47.59%。與So相比,SH和SM顯著減少凈光合速率,而SL顯著增加凈光合速率。(3)WHSH處理的土壤含水率均值最大,為17.50%;WHSM處理的土壤含水率均值也較大,為16.33%,僅次于WHSH。(4)與WL相比,WM和WH增加干豆產(chǎn)量97.07%～126.28%。與So相比,SM和SH減少干豆產(chǎn)量4.23%～29.08%,中度和重度遮蔭降低了干豆產(chǎn)量,而SL干豆產(chǎn)量增加了27.22%～27.96%,輕度遮蔭可以增加干豆產(chǎn)量。WHSL耦合模式的2a干豆產(chǎn)量均值最大,為 1467 kg/hm2。(5)與WL相比,WM增加脂肪和綠原酸分別為4.81%和10.24%,而咖啡因減少21.11%;WH減少咖啡因18.41%。與So相比,SL增加總糖、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和綠原酸分別為6.25%、9.49%、3.37%和5.54%,減少咖啡因4.20%;SM和SH減少脂肪、咖啡因和綠原酸分別為4.31%和 7.69%、12.71%和 10.88%以及 13.94%和 19.48%。與 WHS0 相比,WMSL增加總糖、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和綠原酸分別為23.23%、14.07%、6.62%和9.98%,減少咖啡因含量8.30%;WHSL增加總糖、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和綠原酸分別為7.43%、15.50%、4.73%和7.92%,減少咖啡因11.52%。主成分分析表明,WMSL和WHSL處理的綜合營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)最優(yōu)。本試驗條件下,綜合分析小�？Х鹊纳L特性、光合特性葉片水光利用效率、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),從優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)的角度考慮,干熱區(qū)小粒咖啡最優(yōu)的灌水和遮蔭耦合模式為高水輕度遮蔭組合(WHSL)。
[Abstract]:Small coffee is one of the special cash crops in Yunnan, and its planting area and yield account for more than 90% of the whole country. The dry and hot valley area is the suitable planting area for small coffees, but drought and water shortage, strong light intensity and poor soil moisture retention seriously restrict the growth and production of small coffees. The effects of different irrigation and shading levels on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of small coffee were discussed in this paper. In this study, using small coffees as experimental materials, a 2-year field experiment of water and light combination was carried out in Baoshan Lujiang Dam, Yunnan Province. The effects of different irrigation and shading levels on the growth index, soil moisture content and photosynthetic characteristics of small coffee were studied. Effects of leaf water use efficiency, leaf light energy use efficiency, yield and quality. Three irrigation levels (high water: WHM, middle water: WM and low water: WL) and four shading levels (heavy shading SH:40% natural light, moderate shading SM:55% natural light, mild shading SL:70% natural light and unshading So:100% natural light) were used in the experiment. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) compared with WL, the growth index (plant height, stem diameter, crown width, new branch length and bud number) of small coffee were significantly increased by increasing irrigation amount, compared with So, SM and SH were not conducive to the growth of small coffee. However, SL promoted the growth of small coffee. WHSL treatment had the highest plant height, stem diameter and new branch length, and the crown width and bud number were only smaller than those of WHSM. (2) under different irrigation and shading levels, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of small coffee leaves were lower than those of WHSM. (2) under different irrigation and shading levels. Both stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration showed a single peak curve. Compared with WL, the maximum net photosynthetic rate was increased by 10.96% and 47.59% by increasing irrigation amount. Compared with So, the net photosynthesis rate decreased significantly with SM and SH, while the net photosynthetic rate increased significantly with SL. (3) the average value of soil moisture content in WHSH treatment was the highest, and the average value of soil moisture content in WHSH treatment was also larger than that in WHSH treatment. Second only to WHSH. (4) compared with WL, WM and WH increased the yield of dry beans by 97.07 and 126.28. Compared with So, SM and SH decreased dry bean yield by 4.23 and 29.08, moderate and heavy shading decreased dry bean yield, while SL dry bean yield increased 27.22 ~ 27.96. Light shading could increase dry bean yield. WHSL coupling model had the highest average dry bean yield in 2 years. For 1467 kg/hm2. (5), compared with WL, WM increased fat and Lv Yuan were 4.81% and 10.24%, while caffeine decreased 21.11 and WH decreased 18.41%, respectively. Compared with So, SL increased total sugar, protein, fat and Lv Yuan by 9.49% and 5.54%, decreased caffeine 4.20% and SM and SH decreased fat, caffeine and Lv Yuan acid were 4.31% and 7.69% 12.71% and 10.88%, and 13.94% and 19.48%, respectively. Compared with WHS0, WMSL increased total sugar, protein, fat and Lv Yuan acid respectively by 23.2323 ~ 14.07% and 9.98%, decreased caffeine content by 8.30% and WHSL, increased total sugar, protein, fat and Lv Yuan acid by 7.43% 15.50% and 7.922% respectively, and decreased caffeine 11.52%. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the comprehensive nutritional quality of WMSL and WHSL treatments was the best. Under the experimental conditions, the growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, water and light use efficiency, yield and quality of leaves were comprehensively analyzed, and considered from the point of view of good quality and high yield. The optimal Coupling Model of Irrigation and shading for small Coffee in dry and Hot region is the combination of (WHSL). With High Water and Light shading
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S571.2

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