【摘要】：水稻(Oryza sativa L.)不僅是全球最主要的糧食作物之一,同時也是一種生物學上的模式植物。隨著對水稻研究的不斷深入,目前對水稻產(chǎn)量,稻米粒形和堊白的調(diào)控機制有了初步的了解。如今除了在水稻產(chǎn)量上滿足消費者的需求之外,擁有更好的外觀品質(zhì)和蒸煮食味品質(zhì)的水稻品種越來越受到消費者的青睞。本研究利用兩個早稻品種R287/中早35雜交衍生的F2和F2:3群體利用分子標記對控制粒長、粒寬、千粒重和腹白率的數(shù)量性狀位點(quantitative trait loci,QTL)進行定位。主要結(jié)果如下:通過對作圖群體在2015和2016兩年的表性分析,共檢測到qGL1a、qGL1b、qGL3、qGL7這4個控制粒長的QTL,分別位于第1、3和7染色體上,其中定位于RM493-RM488之間的qGL1b和定位于RM7576-RM251之間的qGL3兩個QTL在兩年間均被檢測到,說明這兩個位點穩(wěn)定性較好,兩年解釋遺傳變異率分別為4.03%、7.27%和9.26%、11.69%。兩年共檢測到4個控制粒寬的QTL,分別為qGW1a、qGW1b、qGW2和qGW5,分別位于第1、2和5染色體上,其中定位于RM413-RM405之間的qGW5效應(yīng)較大,解釋遺傳變異率23.99%。兩年檢測到控制千粒重的QTL共6個,分別為qTGW1a、qTGW1b、qTGW3、qTGW4a、qTGW4b和qTGW5,位于第1、3、4和5染色體上,解釋遺傳變異率為0.30%-14.68%。兩年檢測到控制腹白率的QTL共11個,分別位于第1、2、3、5和6染色體上,其中定位于RM575-RM493之間的q WBR1a,定位于RM569-RM3392之間的qWBR3a和定位于RM413-RM405之間的qWBR5,3個QTL在兩年均檢測到,qWBR1a兩年解釋遺傳變異率為0.13%和11.23%,qWBR3a兩年解釋遺傳變異率為7.01%和4.45%,qWBR5兩年解釋遺傳變異率為11.64%和11.52%。兩年檢測到控制長寬比的QTL共4個,分別在第1、3和11染色體上,其中位于第3染色體的QTL qLWR3在兩年均檢測到,解釋遺傳變異率為7.04%-14.21%。這些與粒形、粒重和堊白性狀相關(guān)QTL的定位為早稻外觀品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量的遺傳改良提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is not only one of the most important food crops in the world, but also a model plant in biology. With the deepening of rice research, the regulation mechanism of rice yield, grain shape and chalkiness has been preliminarily understood. In this study, F2 and F2:3 populations derived from two early rice varieties R287/Zhongzao 35 were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling grain length, grain width, 1000-grain weight and whiteness using molecular markers. The results were as follows: qGL1b, qGL1b, qGL3, and qGL7 were detected on chromosomes 1, 3 and 7 respectively, and qGL1b and qGL3 located between RM493-RM488 and RM7576-RM251 were detected in the mapping population in the two years of 2015 and 2016, indicating that these two loci were detected. Four QTLs controlling grain width, qGW1a, qGW1b, qGW2 and qGW5, located on chromosomes 1, 2 and 5 respectively, were detected in the two years. The qGW5 effect between RM413 and RM405 was larger, explaining 23.99% of the genetic variation. A total of 6 QTLs, qTGW1a, qTGW1b, qTGW3, qTGW4a, qTGW4b and qTGW5, were located on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The explained genetic variation rate was 0.30% - 14.68%. Eleven QTLs were detected to control the whiteness rate on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6, among which Q WBR1a was located between RM575 and RM493, and qWBR3a and RM569-RM3392. QWBR5 and three QTLs located between RM413 and RM405 were detected in two years. The two-year explained genetic variation rates of qWBR1a were 0.13% and 11.23%, qWBR3a explained genetic variation rates were 7.01% and 4.45%, and qWBR5 explained genetic variation rates were 11.64% and 11.52%. QTL qLWR3 on chromosome 3 was detected in two years and explained genetic variability of 7.04%-14.21%. The mapping of QTLs related to grain shape, grain weight and chalkiness traits provided a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of appearance quality and yield in early rice.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511

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