發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-31 09:22

【摘要】：苔草屬植物因其優(yōu)良的觀賞特性而被開發(fā)應(yīng)用,而種子作為繁殖體的最小單位,在一定程度上發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢,種子繁殖產(chǎn)生的后代,由于具有遺傳多樣性而使種群具有遺傳可變形,從而保證了種群至少有一些個(gè)體能夠經(jīng)受自然選擇而生存下來從而使得種族延續(xù)。由于苔草種子休眠嚴(yán)重、萌發(fā)困難等問題存在,使該屬植物的開發(fā)利用受到嚴(yán)重制約。針對這一現(xiàn)狀本文選取了青綠苔草(Carex leucochlora)、白穎苔草(Carex rigescens)、翼果苔草(Carex neurocarpa.)、尖嘴苔草(Carex leiorhyncha)披針葉苔草(Carex lanceolata)、低矮苔草(Carex humilis)、溪水苔草(Carex forficula)、異穗苔草(Carex heterostachya)8種觀賞性強(qiáng)、具有較高的園林開發(fā)利用價(jià)值和市場開發(fā)潛力的苔草屬植物進(jìn)行觀賞特性和種子萌發(fā)特性研究,探討了不同光照條件、不同溫度條件、赤霉素、酸堿處理、低溫層積處理以及不同浸種溫度和時(shí)間對種子萌發(fā)的影響,從中選擇效果顯著的方法進(jìn)行推廣。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.苔草屬植物在每年的3月或者4月份開始返青,進(jìn)行2-3個(gè)月的營養(yǎng)生長后進(jìn)入分蘗抽穗期,在5月份左右進(jìn)入種子成熟期,綠期長達(dá)180天以上;10月或者11月進(jìn)入植株枯黃期,長達(dá)120天以上,觀賞部位為葉片,葉片纖細(xì),呈現(xiàn)不同程度的綠色,具有良好的觀賞性。2.苔草種子的生物學(xué)特性包括種子形態(tài)特征、千粒重、含水量及生活力,種子形態(tài)特征從種皮顏色、種子形狀及種子大小進(jìn)行分析,形狀分為倒卵形、卵形和圓形,具二楞或三棱;從顏色上看,多為為褐色、棕色,有的種皮具有光澤;不同種類種子的生活力、千粒重以及含水量存在差異。3.苔草屬植物種子在恒溫和變溫處理下發(fā)芽效果不同,不同種類對種子發(fā)芽溫度要求不同,而適宜的溫度有助于苔草種子萌發(fā),種子萌發(fā)最適溫度為變溫處理15/25℃(如青綠苔草)和恒溫處理25℃(如披針苔草),表示白天25℃,夜晚15℃和晝夜溫度都為25℃。4光照對不同種類的種子萌發(fā)需求不同,青綠苔草、白穎苔草、翼果苔草、尖嘴苔草、披針苔草在3種光照條件下都有萌發(fā),低矮苔草、溪水苔草和異穗苔草在黑暗條件下種子沒有有萌發(fā)。5.不同種類的苔草種子對浸種溫度和時(shí)間要求存在差異,在不同浸種溫度下最佳處理時(shí)間都為1小時(shí),萌發(fā)效果最好。6.赤霉素處理、酸堿處理和低溫層積處理對促進(jìn)種子萌發(fā)有不同的效果。其中低溫層積處理最有效,層積后8種苔草的發(fā)芽指標(biāo)在層積150d達(dá)到最高。尖嘴苔草在赤霉素處理高濃度時(shí)萌發(fā)效果好,其余幾種表現(xiàn)出低濃度促進(jìn),高濃度抑制萌發(fā)的特點(diǎn);酸堿處理表現(xiàn)為濃硫酸處理時(shí)間越短萌發(fā)效果越好,不同種類的苔草種子對Na OH處理表現(xiàn)效果不同,當(dāng)處理濃度不同時(shí),發(fā)芽率、發(fā)芽指數(shù)和發(fā)芽勢都表現(xiàn)為處理時(shí)間為10min時(shí)發(fā)芽效果最好。7.層積過程中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量隨著層積時(shí)間而發(fā)生變化,其中,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的變化與苔草種子的萌發(fā)呈負(fù)相關(guān),淀粉含量和脂肪含量的變化與苔草種子的萌發(fā)呈正相關(guān),說明在種子層積萌發(fā)過程中體內(nèi)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的含量是隨著層積種子萌發(fā)進(jìn)程而改變的。
[Abstract]:Carex has been developed and applied for its excellent ornamental properties. Seeds, as the smallest unit of the propagator, play an important role to a certain extent. The offspring produced by seed propagation have genetic deformations due to genetic diversity, thus ensuring that at least some individuals in the population can survive natural selection. The development and utilization of Carex leucochlora, Carex rigescens, Carex neurocarpa and Carex leiorhyncha were seriously restricted because of the serious dormancy and difficult germination of Carex seeds. Eight species of Carex lanceolata, Carex humilis, Carex forficula and Carex heterostachya with high ornamental value and market potential were studied for their ornamental and seed germination characteristics. The main results are as follows: 1. Carex plants begin to turn green in March or April of each year, and enter the tillering and heading stage after 2-3 months of vegetative growth. In May or so into the seed maturity period, green period as long as 180 days; October or November into the plant withered yellow period, as long as 120 days, ornamental parts for the leaves, leaves slender, showing varying degrees of green, with good ornamental. 2. Carex Seed Biological characteristics, including seed morphological characteristics, 1000-grain weight, water content and vitality, Seed morphological characteristics were analyzed from seed coat color, seed shape and seed size. The shape was divided into inverted oval, oval and round, with two or three rows; from the color point of view, mostly brown, brown, and some seed coat with luster; seed viability, 1000-grain weight and water content of different species of seeds were different. 3. Carex seeds at constant temperature and water content. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 15/25 C (e.g. green moss) and 25 C (e.g. Elymus lanceolata). It means that the temperature of day is 25 C, night is 15 C and day and night is 25 C.4. Seeds of the same species germinate differently under three light conditions, green moss, white glume moss, pterocarp moss, pointed-billed moss, and lanceola. Low moss, brook moss and heterocotyledon do not germinate under dark conditions. 5. Different species of moss have different requirements on soaking temperature and time. Gibberellin treatment, acid-alkali treatment and low-temperature stratification treatment had different effects on promoting seed germination. Among them, low-temperature stratification treatment was the most effective, and the germination indexes of 8 species of Carex were the highest after stratification for 150 days. The other species showed the characteristics of promoting germination at low concentration and Inhibiting Germination at high concentration; the shorter the treatment time with concentrated sulfuric acid, the better the germination effect, and the different kinds of Carex seeds showed different effects on Na OH treatment. When the treatment concentration was different, the germination rate, germination index and germination potential were all shown at the treatment time of 10 minutes. The content of nutrients changed with the time of stratification. Among them, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar was negatively correlated with the germination of Carex. The content of starch and fat was positively correlated with the germination of Carex. This indicated that the nutrients in vivo were in the process of stratification. The content of matter changes with the germination process of stratified seeds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S68

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