【摘要】：再生稻是在收獲時割取其稻株穗頭和莖稈,留下1/3稻樁和地下根系,讓其抽穗二次成熟的一季水稻。再生稻能夠提高稻田單位面積的產(chǎn)量,增加農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟收入,故近年來在中國水稻種植區(qū)得到廣泛推廣。但由于再生稻頭季收割有低碾壓、高留茬及濕泥腳田作業(yè)等農(nóng)藝要求,現(xiàn)有水稻收割機技術難以滿足,致使其推廣受到限制。針對上述研究背景及再生稻收獲要求,本文以減少底盤對留茬碾壓率及增強再生稻收割機田間通過性為目的,基于履帶式車輛設計理論,設計了一臺全履帶式再生稻收割機底盤,并對其進行性能試驗及功率測試,主要研究內容及成果如下:(1)全履帶式再生稻收割機碾壓率計算分析�；诼膸杰囕v設計理論,以割幅Z、軌距B、履帶接地長度L、履帶寬度b、轉向半徑R0、底盤中心軸線與割臺割刀縱向距離X為影響因素,建立了全履帶式再生稻收割機行走底盤結構模型及其田間直行轉彎碾壓模型,以種植行距i、株距c、穴徑br的水稻為對象,對上述各參數(shù)對碾壓率的影響規(guī)律進行了分析,結果表明:其他參數(shù)相同條件下,直行時,碾壓率δ1與隨割幅Z與履帶寬度b的比值增加而減小;轉彎時,全履帶式再生稻收割機碾壓率δ2隨轉向角度θ增大而減小,隨轉向半徑R0的增大而減小;碾壓率不受底盤中心軸線與割臺割刀縱向距離X的影響;軌距B以及割幅Z與軌距B之差為行距和株距的公倍數(shù)時有利于減少碾壓率;在相同接地比壓條件下,割幅Z增加有利于減少碾壓率。為減少碾壓率,全履帶式再生稻收割機結構設計時,在滿足接地比壓前提下,應減少履帶寬度b和接地長度L,增大割幅Z,軌距B取行距和株距的公倍數(shù),割幅Z與軌距B之差為行距和株距的最小公倍數(shù),采用回轉式行走路徑;結合田塊形狀與面積,優(yōu)先選用較大轉向半徑R0;在農(nóng)藝上,建議水稻種植行距與株距有整數(shù)倍關系。該研究為全履帶式再生稻收割機行走底盤的設計與田間行走方案的確定提供了參考依據(jù)。(2)全履帶式再生稻收割機機動性能分析。對全履帶式機車行駛原理進行分析,并分析其行駛速度與履帶式行走裝置參數(shù)及運動參數(shù)之間的關系;其次,對全履帶式機車轉向原理、轉向力學及轉向條件進行分析;最后,對全履帶式機車越溝過坎能力進行分析。該分析研究結論能對全履帶式再生稻收割機底盤行走裝置設計提供依據(jù)。(3)全履帶式再生稻收割機底盤總體設計。基于碾壓率分析及全履帶式底盤機動性能分析結果,以履帶式車輛設計理論及機械設計理論為基礎,結合再生稻收獲作業(yè)田間作業(yè)環(huán)境與特點,以Pro/E、CAD等軟件為工具,對履帶式再生稻收割機底盤行走系,操縱系、傳動系進行設計,并加工試制樣機。(4)全履帶式再生稻收割機底盤測試平臺搭建。本文基于扭矩傳感器建立功率測試平臺。在電源提供方面,該測試平臺以12V直流電瓶為電源,并以12-220V逆變器將12V直流電變?yōu)?20V交流電,用以為扭矩功率儀提供電力,扭矩功率儀外供電壓給扭矩傳感器供電。在測試方法方面,該測試平臺由扭矩功率儀將扭矩與轉速信號傳遞給扭矩功率儀,扭矩功率儀實時顯示扭矩、功率及轉速值,并將該值通過M400數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件傳遞給計算機保存。所采取的測試方法能較為準確地獲取全履帶式再生稻收割機底盤平穩(wěn)運行時的功率數(shù)據(jù),測試方案能直接獲取驅動履帶底盤所需驅動功率。(5)選取水泥地面及田間對全履帶式再生稻收割機底盤進行性能試驗。主要為水泥地面上測試行駛速度及直行偏駛率,田間測試以不同速度及不同質量為影響因素下的底盤行駛功耗,并測試其轉向功耗及轉向角速度。試驗結果顯示:1)水泥地面上測試不同檔位下實際最高行駛速度分別為Ⅰ檔1.120m/s、Ⅱ檔1.403m/s、Ⅲ檔1.957m/s,且均小于理論最高行駛速度;水泥路面上測試其直行偏駛率為4.93%,小于國標GB/T 15370.4—2012《農(nóng)業(yè)拖拉機通用技術條件第4部分:履帶拖拉機》中規(guī)定的6%。2)在平均土壤堅實度為383kPa(深度150mm),平均土壤濕基含水率為25.98%(深度100-150mm)的田間進行試驗。測試底盤質量一定(2200kg),不同速度水平(0.6、0.8和1.0m/s)下的直行功耗;測試直行速度一定(1m/s),不同質量水平(1400kg、1600kg、1800kg、2000kg和2200kg)下直行功率;測試底盤質量為2200kg,行走初速度為田間最高工作速度1m/s時的轉向功率及轉向角速度。得出結論如下:全履帶式再生稻收割機底盤直行功耗隨行駛速度及整機質量的增大而增大;在底盤質量為2200kg,行駛初速度為1m/s條件下轉向功耗為13.63kw,轉向角速度為0.486rad/s,轉向載荷比為1.63。
[Abstract]:Recycled rice is a kind of crop rice which is harvested at the time of harvesting, leaving 1/3 of the rice stump and underground roots, allowing it to mature twice before heading. The existing rice harvester technology is difficult to meet the agronomic requirements such as high stubble retention and wet mud foot field operation, which limits its popularization. In view of the above research background and the harvesting requirements of ratoon rice, this paper designs a tracked vehicle design theory based on the purpose of reducing the stubble retention rate of chassis and enhancing the field trafficability of the ratoon rice harvester. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) Compression rate calculation and analysis of full crawler type rice harvester. Based on the design theory of crawler type vehicle, with cutting amplitude Z, track distance B, track grounding length L, track bandwidth b, steering radius R0, center axis and center axis of chassis, track grounding length L, track width B, track grounding length R0 and steering radius R0. The structure model of traveling chassis of full crawler type ratoon rice harvester and its direct turning and rolling model in the field were established. The effects of the above parameters on the rolling rate of rice with row spacing i, plant spacing C and hole diameter BR were analyzed. Rolling rate delta 1 decreases with the increase of the ratio of cutting width Z to track width B. Rolling rate delta 2 decreases with the increase of turning angle theta and turning radius R0 when turning. Rolling rate is not affected by the center axis of chassis and the longitudinal distance X between cutting edge Z and track distance B. When the difference is a common multiple of row spacing and plant spacing, it is advantageous to reduce the rolling rate; under the same ground specific pressure, the increase of cutting width Z is advantageous to reduce the rolling rate. The common multiple of plant spacing, the difference between cutting width Z and rail spacing B is the least common multiple of row spacing and plant spacing, and the rotary walking path is adopted; the larger turning radius R0 is preferred according to the shape and area of the field; and the integer multiple relationship between row spacing and plant spacing is suggested in agriculture. This study is the design of the walking chassis of the full crawler type rator rice harvester. (2) Analysis of the maneuverability performance of the full crawler type rice harvester. Analysis of the running principle of the full crawler type locomotive, and analysis of the relationship between the running speed and the parameters of the crawler type walking device and the movement parameters. Secondly, the steering principle, the steering mechanics and the steering strip of the full crawler type locomotive. Finally, the ability of full crawler locomotive to cross ditches and ridges is analyzed. The analysis results can provide a basis for the design of chassis traveling device of full crawler type rice harvester. (3) Overall design of chassis of full crawler type rice harvester. Based on the vehicle design theory and mechanical design theory, combined with the working environment and characteristics of Ratooning Rice harvesting, the chassis traveling system, control system and transmission system of tracked ratooning rice harvester were designed with Pro/E and CAD software, and the prototype was processed. (4) The chassis testing platform of full tracked rator was built. A power test platform based on torque transducer is established in this paper. In power supply, the test platform is powered by 12V DC battery and converted from 12V DC to 220V AC by 12-220V inverter, which is used to supply power for torque power meter and external voltage of torque power meter to supply power for torque transducer. The torque and rotational speed signals are transmitted to the torque power meter by the torque power meter. The torque power meter displays the values of torque, power and rotational speed in real time, and the values are saved by the computer through the M400 data acquisition software. (5) Select cement ground and field to test the performance of the chassis of full crawler type rice harvester. Mainly test the running speed and straight deflection rate on cement ground, field test the chassis power consumption under different speed and different quality as the influencing factors, and The test results show that: 1) The actual maximum driving speed at different gears is 1.120 m/s in the first gear, 1.403 m/s in the second gear and 1.957 m/s in the third gear, respectively, which is less than the theoretical maximum speed. The direct driving deviation rate on the cement pavement is 4.93%, less than the national standard GB/T 15370.4-2012 < agriculture Tractor General Technical Conditions Part 4: Tractor > 6%. 2) Field tests were carried out with an average soil solidity of 383 kPa (depth of 150 mm) and an average soil moisture content of 25.98% (depth of 100-150 mm). Straight power consumption was measured at different speed levels (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m/s) and chassis mass of 2200 kg. Under certain (1m/s), different quality levels (1400kg, 1600kg, 1800kg, 2000kg and 2200kg), the direct power consumption of chassis of full crawler type ratoon rice harvester increases with the running speed and the whole machine quality, and the steering power and angular speed when the chassis mass is 220kg and the initial walking speed is the highest working speed in the field is 1m/s. The steering power consumption is 13.63 kw, the steering angular velocity is 0.486 rad/s and the steering load ratio is 1.63 under the condition of the chassis mass is 2200 kg and the initial speed is 1 m/s.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.4

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