【摘要】：青藏高原是全球變化的敏感區(qū),全球變化正給青藏高原帶來(lái)顯著影響。氣候變化對(duì)青藏高原的影響與響應(yīng)的復(fù)雜性近年來(lái)已經(jīng)成為科學(xué)界密切關(guān)心的研究議題。暖濕型氣候?qū)ψ魑锷a(chǎn)最為有利,作物氣候生產(chǎn)力呈現(xiàn)逐年增加趨勢(shì),氣候的暖濕化對(duì)青藏高原農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大影響。遙感技術(shù)為掌握大區(qū)域作物空間分布格局提供了新的技術(shù)手段,提供了監(jiān)測(cè)作物分布區(qū)時(shí)空變化的可能。作物種植區(qū)遙感識(shí)別是遙感技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的重要應(yīng)用,也是農(nóng)情遙感的基礎(chǔ)。農(nóng)作物種植區(qū)分布特征研究可以為區(qū)域糧食生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃提供科學(xué)依據(jù),對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)卣咧朴喓蛯?shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)資源可持續(xù)利用具有重要意義。本研究旨在(1)基于MODIS-NDVI時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)提取的西藏一江兩河流域農(nóng)作物物候信息特征,(2)并基于物候特征信息分析2000年、2005年和2010年區(qū)研究區(qū)域農(nóng)作物種植區(qū)的空間分布特征,(3)并研究農(nóng)作物種植區(qū)分布特征及其變化與地形以及溫度在空間上的相互關(guān)系。研究的主要結(jié)論如下:基于時(shí)間系列的MODIS-NDVI可以提取的研究區(qū)域農(nóng)作物物候特征參數(shù)包括生長(zhǎng)季開(kāi)始時(shí)間、生長(zhǎng)季結(jié)束時(shí)間、生長(zhǎng)季長(zhǎng)度、NDVI振幅、NDVI曲線左導(dǎo)數(shù)、NDVI右導(dǎo)數(shù)、NDVI生長(zhǎng)季積分;并基于物候特征信息,通過(guò)決策樹(shù)法提取2000年、2005年和2010年作物種植區(qū)的空間分布�；谵r(nóng)作物物候特征提取的農(nóng)作物種植區(qū)與檢驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)間符合度較好,均達(dá)92%以上。西藏一江兩河流域內(nèi)農(nóng)作物種植區(qū)的分布面積約3100km2,相對(duì)較少,占流域面積的1.2%;種植區(qū)沿河流呈枝狀分布,主要集中在雅魯藏布江的中下游河谷以及其主要支流拉薩河與年楚河河流谷地;而且流域內(nèi)種植區(qū)在各行政單元內(nèi)空間分布差異大,主要分布林芝地區(qū)、日喀則地區(qū)、拉薩市和山南地區(qū)的河谷地帶,分別為29%、33%、22%和15%,其它區(qū)域很少。從2000到2010年間,一江兩河流域穩(wěn)定種植區(qū)面積為3095km2,農(nóng)作物種植面積既有增加區(qū)域,也有減少區(qū)域,其增加區(qū)域與減少區(qū)域在空間上都呈現(xiàn)出分散的特點(diǎn)。雖然種植區(qū)總面積呈下降趨勢(shì),但變化幅度很小,約為0.47%。其中,拉薩市、林芝地區(qū)和日喀則地區(qū)為主要的農(nóng)作物種植區(qū);林芝地區(qū)種植區(qū)新增區(qū)域和減少區(qū)域相對(duì)較多,變化頻繁;其增長(zhǎng)區(qū)域主要集中在林芝地區(qū)的北部,呈現(xiàn)空間連續(xù)性增長(zhǎng);減少區(qū)域主要集中在林芝地區(qū)西南方向的區(qū)域。昌都地區(qū)為新的農(nóng)作物增長(zhǎng)區(qū)。地形因子很大程度的決定了地表的光熱分布和水的再分布,對(duì)農(nóng)作物種植區(qū)的分布和種植面積具有重要的影響。種植農(nóng)作物的優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)域地形特征表現(xiàn)為低海拔、地勢(shì)平緩、陽(yáng)坡或半陽(yáng)坡的條件。2000年-2010年間農(nóng)作物增長(zhǎng)區(qū)域集中于水光熱條件好的陽(yáng)坡、半陽(yáng)坡,平暖地。盡管2000年-2010年一江兩河流域農(nóng)作物總種植面積呈減少的趨勢(shì),但是溫度升高集中區(qū)域與新增種植區(qū)域較好的對(duì)應(yīng),相關(guān)的區(qū)域面積有37.58km2,主要集中在林芝地區(qū)的南部和北部。這說(shuō)明了在暖濕化背景下,隨氣溫升高,一江兩河流域農(nóng)作物種植面積有擴(kuò)張趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a sensitive region to global change, and global change is bringing about significant impacts on the Tibetan Plateau. The complexity of the impacts and responses of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has become a research topic of close concern to the scientific community in recent years. Remote sensing technology provides a new technical means for grasping the spatial distribution pattern of crops in large areas and provides the possibility for monitoring the spatial and temporal changes of crop distribution areas. The study of plant distribution characteristics can provide a scientific basis for regional grain production and agricultural development planning, and is of great significance for local government policy formulation and sustainable utilization of agricultural resources. Phenological information was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of crop growing areas in 2000, 2005 and 2010. (3) The spatial relationship between crop growing areas and topography and temperature was studied. Phenological parameters include the start time of growing season, the end time of growing season, the length of growing season, the amplitude of NDVI, the left derivative of NDVI curve, the right derivative of NDVI and the integral of NDVI growing season. Based on the information of phenological characteristics, the spatial distribution of crop growing areas in 2000, 2005 and 2010 was extracted by decision tree method. The distribution area of crop planting areas in the One-river and Two-river valleys in Tibet is about 3,100 km 2, which is relatively small, accounting for 1.2% of the basin area; the planting areas distribute in branches along the river, mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River Valley and its main tributaries, Lhasa River and Nianchu River. The valleys of Linzhi, Xigaze, Lhasa and Shannan districts are 29%, 33%, 22% and 15% respectively, and the other areas are few. From 2000 to 2010, the area of stable planting area in one river and two river valleys is 3095 km 2, and the area of crop planting is both. Although the total area of planting areas showed a downward trend, the change range was very small, about 0.47%. Lhasa, Linzhi and Xigaze were the main crop growing areas; Linzhi planting areas increased and decreased. Changdu area is a new crop growth area. The topographic factors largely determine the distribution of light and heat and the redistribution of water on the surface of the earth, and affect farming. The distribution and planting area of species planting areas have important effects. The topographic features of the dominant areas for crop cultivation are low altitude, gentle terrain, sunny or semi-sunny conditions. Crop growth areas during 2000-2010 were concentrated on sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes, and warm land with good hydrothermal conditions. The total crop planting area showed a decreasing trend, but the area of temperature increase was corresponding to the newly planted area. The related area was 37.58 km 2, mainly in the South and north of Linzhi area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S315

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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1 哈凱;丁慶龍;門(mén)明新;許v，

本文編號(hào)：2205154