長期不同施肥模式下水田土壤可溶性有機(jī)氮動態(tài)及其遷移規(guī)律
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-18 19:12
【摘要】：可溶性有機(jī)氮(Soluble Organic Nitrogen,SON)對農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)氮循環(huán)起著至關(guān)重要的作用,在稻田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,隨著不同形態(tài)氮素的大量投入,SON 及其易于淋失組分 DON(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen,DON)的遷移所致的環(huán)境效應(yīng)值的關(guān)注,而至今關(guān)于稻田土壤SON和滲濾水DON的動態(tài)規(guī)律、遷移特征及其機(jī)理以及可能導(dǎo)致的生態(tài)風(fēng)險尚不明晰。為此,本研究以長期不同施肥模式(不施肥(CK);單施氮磷鉀化肥(NPK);氮磷鉀+牛糞(NPKM);氮磷鉀+全部稻草還田(NPKS))的紅壤性水稻土為研究對象,采集水稻生育期土壤及其滲濾液進(jìn)行原位分析,研究長期不同施肥模式下稻田土壤SON隨水稻生長的動態(tài)變化以及滲濾液DON隨深度的遷移特征,分析二者間的消長關(guān)系;結(jié)合土壤理化和生化性質(zhì)探討長期不同施肥模式下土壤SON含量動態(tài)變化及其遷移機(jī)理,為完善農(nóng)田土壤氮素循環(huán)理論、評估農(nóng)田SON淋失風(fēng)險和加強(qiáng)田間水肥管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(Ⅰ)稻田土壤SON主要存在于表層,且具有向下遷移的趨勢。水稻種植前長期不同施肥模式下供試土壤0-20 cm的SON含量分別比20-40 cm 和 40-60 cm 土層高 107.78%-220.65%和 269.39%-374.06%,20-40 cm 土層的SON比40-60 cm 土層的高47.84%-77.78%,說明同一處理不同深度間土壤SON含量表現(xiàn)為0-20 cm20-40 cm40-60 cm,且0-20 cm 土壤SON含量顯著高于20-40 cm和40-60 cm的SON含量,而20-40 cm和40-60cm土層SON含量之間無明顯差異,隨著深度增加,SON向下遷移量減少。(Ⅱ)土壤理化與生化性質(zhì)對SON含量具有顯著影響�；疑甭赎P(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)果表明pH和容重對土壤SON的影響表現(xiàn)為負(fù)向影響,其余相關(guān)屬性對土壤SON的影響均表現(xiàn)為正向影響,其中有機(jī)質(zhì)對SON的影響最為顯著,各相關(guān)屬性對SON的影響程度大小表現(xiàn)為有機(jī)質(zhì)微生物量氮(Microbial Biomass Nitrogen,MBN)全氮谷氨酰胺酶通氣孔隙度蛋白酶pH容重。(Ⅲ)在水稻整個生育期內(nèi),各處理土壤SON動態(tài)呈現(xiàn)為"下降-升高-上下波動后下降-升高-下降"的變化趨勢,不同處理間SON含量在水稻生長不同時期有所差異,不同處理間的差異表現(xiàn)為前期:NPKMNPKSNPKCK;中期:NPKMNPKNPKSCK;后期:NPKSNPKMNPKCK。(Ⅳ)水稻生育期內(nèi)淹水層DON濃度受施肥的影響變化較大,水稻生育前期不同處理間淹水層DON濃度大小表現(xiàn)為NPKNPKMNPKSCK,后期淹水層DON濃度大小表現(xiàn)為NPKMNPKSNPKCK。在水稻整個生育期內(nèi),NPK、NPKM和NPKS的淹水層DON濃度顯著高于CK處理,且變化趨勢相對一致,均在2d-10d快速減少,15d時有所升高,至20d時出現(xiàn)一小峰值,之后緩慢下降并趨于穩(wěn)定,說明施肥有助提高淹水層和滲濾液的DON濃度,同時DON容易流失并可能導(dǎo)致生態(tài)風(fēng)險的時期主要處于施肥至水稻移栽后的前20d內(nèi),應(yīng)注意該時段的田間水分管理。(V)水稻生育期內(nèi)稻田滲濾液DON濃度隨深度增加而逐漸降低,不同施肥措施下滲濾液DON濃度遷移主要出現(xiàn)在0-20cm 土層。生育期內(nèi)長期不同施肥模式下DON的遷移隨水稻生育期的變化表現(xiàn)為插秧后35d前變化明顯,35d之后差異不顯著。在35d之前,供試土壤0-20cm的 DON 濃度比 20-40 cm 高 58.12%-1084.79%,20-40 cm 土層的 SON 比40-60cm 土層的高3.87%-388.67%,可見在水稻生育期內(nèi)滲濾液DON濃度大小表現(xiàn)為 0-20 cm20-40 cm40-60 cm。
[Abstract]:Soluble Organic Nitrogen (SON) plays an important role in nitrogen cycling in farmland ecosystems. With the increasing input of different forms of nitrogen, the environmental effects of SON and its easily leached component DON (Dissolved Organic Nitrogen, DON) migration in paddy ecosystems have attracted much attention. Soil SON and leachate DON dynamics, migration characteristics and possible ecological risks are still unclear. Therefore, the red soil paddy soils with different fertilization patterns (no fertilization (CK), single nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium + cattle manure (NPKM), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium + all straw returning (NPKS) were selected as the research objects to collect water. In-situ analysis of soil and its leachate during rice growth period was carried out to study the dynamic changes of SON with rice growth and the migration characteristics of DON with depth in paddy soil under long-term and different fertilization patterns, and to analyze the relationship between them. The results showed that: (1) SON mainly existed in the surface layer of paddy soil, and had a downward migration tendency. SON content of 0-20 cm in the tested soils under different fertilization patterns for a long time before rice planting. The SON content in 20-40 cm soil layer was 47.84% - 77.78% higher than that in 40-60 cm soil layer, indicating that the SON content in 0-20 cm 20-40 cm 40-60 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer, and the SON content in 0-20 cm soil was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer. There was no significant difference in SON content between 40-60 cm soil layer and 40-60 cm soil layer. With the increase of soil depth, SON migration decreased. (II) Soil physicochemical and biochemical properties had a significant impact on SON content. Among them, organic matter had the most significant effect on SON, and the degree of influence of related properties on SON was as follows: the pH bulk density of total nitrogen glutaminase ventilating porosity proteinase (MBN). (III) During the whole growth period of rice, the SON dynamics of soil treated with various treatments showed "descend-rise-up-down wave" The variation trend of SON content in different treatments was different at different stages of rice growth. The differences among different treatments were as follows: NPKMNPKSNPKCK in the early stage; NPKMNPKNPKNPKSCK in the middle stage; and NPKSNPKMNPKCK in the late stage. (IV) The concentration of DON in submerged layer changed greatly during rice growth period, and was different at the early stage of rice growth. The concentration of DON in the flooded layer between treatments was NPKNPKMNPKSCK, and that in the late flooded layer was NPKMNPKSNPKCK. During the whole growth period of rice, the concentration of DON in the flooded layer of NPK, NPKM and NPKS was significantly higher than that in CK, and the variation trend was relatively consistent. The concentration of DON in the flooded layer of NPKM NPKMNPKSNPKCK decreased rapidly from 2 days to 10 days, increased slightly at 15 days, and reached a small peak at 20 days. The results showed that fertilization could increase the DON concentration in the flooded layer and leachate, and the period of DON loss was mainly within the first 20 days after fertilization and rice transplantation, so the field water management should be paid attention to. The migration of DON concentration in leachate mainly occurred in 0-20 cm soil layer under different fertilization treatments. The migration of DON in the long-term and different fertilization patterns during the growth period changed significantly before 35 days after transplanting, but not significantly after 35 days. Before 35 days, the concentration of DON in 0-20 cm soil was 58.12% - 108% higher than that in 20-40 cm soil. SON in the soil layer of 4.79% and 20-40 cm is 3.87% - 388.67% higher than that in the soil layer of 40-60 cm. It can be seen that the concentration of DON in the leachate of rice during the growth period is 0-20 cm 20-40 cm 40-60 cm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158
本文編號：2190411
[Abstract]:Soluble Organic Nitrogen (SON) plays an important role in nitrogen cycling in farmland ecosystems. With the increasing input of different forms of nitrogen, the environmental effects of SON and its easily leached component DON (Dissolved Organic Nitrogen, DON) migration in paddy ecosystems have attracted much attention. Soil SON and leachate DON dynamics, migration characteristics and possible ecological risks are still unclear. Therefore, the red soil paddy soils with different fertilization patterns (no fertilization (CK), single nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium + cattle manure (NPKM), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium + all straw returning (NPKS) were selected as the research objects to collect water. In-situ analysis of soil and its leachate during rice growth period was carried out to study the dynamic changes of SON with rice growth and the migration characteristics of DON with depth in paddy soil under long-term and different fertilization patterns, and to analyze the relationship between them. The results showed that: (1) SON mainly existed in the surface layer of paddy soil, and had a downward migration tendency. SON content of 0-20 cm in the tested soils under different fertilization patterns for a long time before rice planting. The SON content in 20-40 cm soil layer was 47.84% - 77.78% higher than that in 40-60 cm soil layer, indicating that the SON content in 0-20 cm 20-40 cm 40-60 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer, and the SON content in 0-20 cm soil was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer. There was no significant difference in SON content between 40-60 cm soil layer and 40-60 cm soil layer. With the increase of soil depth, SON migration decreased. (II) Soil physicochemical and biochemical properties had a significant impact on SON content. Among them, organic matter had the most significant effect on SON, and the degree of influence of related properties on SON was as follows: the pH bulk density of total nitrogen glutaminase ventilating porosity proteinase (MBN). (III) During the whole growth period of rice, the SON dynamics of soil treated with various treatments showed "descend-rise-up-down wave" The variation trend of SON content in different treatments was different at different stages of rice growth. The differences among different treatments were as follows: NPKMNPKSNPKCK in the early stage; NPKMNPKNPKNPKSCK in the middle stage; and NPKSNPKMNPKCK in the late stage. (IV) The concentration of DON in submerged layer changed greatly during rice growth period, and was different at the early stage of rice growth. The concentration of DON in the flooded layer between treatments was NPKNPKMNPKSCK, and that in the late flooded layer was NPKMNPKSNPKCK. During the whole growth period of rice, the concentration of DON in the flooded layer of NPK, NPKM and NPKS was significantly higher than that in CK, and the variation trend was relatively consistent. The concentration of DON in the flooded layer of NPKM NPKMNPKSNPKCK decreased rapidly from 2 days to 10 days, increased slightly at 15 days, and reached a small peak at 20 days. The results showed that fertilization could increase the DON concentration in the flooded layer and leachate, and the period of DON loss was mainly within the first 20 days after fertilization and rice transplantation, so the field water management should be paid attention to. The migration of DON concentration in leachate mainly occurred in 0-20 cm soil layer under different fertilization treatments. The migration of DON in the long-term and different fertilization patterns during the growth period changed significantly before 35 days after transplanting, but not significantly after 35 days. Before 35 days, the concentration of DON in 0-20 cm soil was 58.12% - 108% higher than that in 20-40 cm soil. SON in the soil layer of 4.79% and 20-40 cm is 3.87% - 388.67% higher than that in the soil layer of 40-60 cm. It can be seen that the concentration of DON in the leachate of rice during the growth period is 0-20 cm 20-40 cm 40-60 cm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158
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