發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-11 13:52

【摘要】：枸杞(Lycium spp.)是我國西北地區(qū)廣泛栽培的經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)建設(shè)樹種之一,營養(yǎng)豐富、甘甜味美,其果實(shí)和根皮均可供藥用,是藥食兩用的植物。枸杞蚜(Aphis sp.)和枸杞木虱(Paratrioza sinica YangLi)以刺吸的方式危害枸杞,嚴(yán)重影響枸杞的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。關(guān)于植物源物質(zhì)的驅(qū)蚊、殺蟲活性已有報(bào)道,其具有高效低毒的特點(diǎn),可以減少化學(xué)農(nóng)藥對枸杞品質(zhì)造成的破壞。為尋找防治枸杞害蟲的綠色有效的方法,本文以丁香酚(eugenol)、a-松油醇(a-terpineol)、肉桂油(cinnamonoil)、香茅油(citronella oil)為藥劑,測定了其對枸杞蚜蟲和木虱的觸殺毒力及Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性的影響,以及增效劑A、B對其的增效作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果如下:(1)4種精油對枸杞蚜蟲和木虱均有觸殺作用,丁香酚的觸殺效果最好,對枸杞木虱和蚜蟲的觸殺毒力LC50值分別為0.37ml/L和0.48ml/L。殺蟲效果依次為丁香酚、肉桂油、α-松油醇和香茅油,且均表現(xiàn)為對枸杞木虱的觸殺效果較蚜蟲更好。1ml/L丁香酚處理4h木虱和蚜蟲的死亡率均超過80%。(2)使用增效劑是為了提高藥效以減少使用量,從而延緩害蟲抗藥性的產(chǎn)生。增效劑A、增效劑B對4種精油均有增效作用。增效劑與供試單劑混合可提高單劑的觸殺毒力,增效劑A和B對丁香酚的增效比分別為1.80和1.98。(3)4種精油對構(gòu)杞蚜蟲AchE活性均有抑制作用,且濃度與抑制率呈正相關(guān)。其中丁香酚對AchE抑制作用最大,丁香酚在0.8ml/L和1ml/L兩個(gè)濃度下對AchE的抑制率分別為49.78%和58.68%。(4)4種精油對枸杞蚜蟲和木虱離體Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2++-ATPase均有抑制作用,且隨著精油濃度的增加抑制率增大。其中丁香酚和香茅油對Na+-K+-ATPase活性影響表現(xiàn)為低濃度促進(jìn),高濃度抑制。
[Abstract]:Lycium barbarum (Lycium spp.) It is one of the widely cultivated economic and ecological construction tree species in Northwest China. It is rich in nutrition and sweet in taste. Its fruit and root bark can be used for medicine, so it is a plant of both medicine and food. Lycium barbarum aphid (Aphis sp.) (Paratrioza sinica YangLi) of Lycium barbarum and Lycium barbarum were harmful to Lycium barbarum by pricking and sucking, which seriously affected the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum. The insecticidal activity of plant materials has been reported, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and low toxicity, and can reduce the damage of chemical pesticides to the quality of Lycium barbarum. In order to find a green and effective method to control Lycium barbarum pests, the effects of eugenol (eugenol) (a-terpineol) and cinnamon oil (cinnamonoil), citronella oil (citronella oil) on the contact toxicity, Na K ATPase and Ca2 mg 2 ATPase activities of Lycium barbarum aphids and wood lice were determined. And the synergistic effect of synergist AZB on it. The results were as follows: (1) the four essential oils had contact effects on Lycium barbarum aphids and woody lice, and eugenol had the best contact killing effect. The LC50 values of contact toxicity to Lycium barbarum lice and aphids were 0.48 ml / L and 0.48 ml / L, respectively. The insecticidal effects were followed by eugenol, cinnamon oil, 偽 -terpineol and citronella oil. The results showed that the contact effect of Lycium barbarum L. wood lice was better than that of aphids. The mortality of wood lice and aphids treated with 1 ml / L eugenol for 4 hours was higher than that of aphids. (2) the synergist was used to improve the efficacy and reduce the use of insecticides, thus delaying the emergence of pest resistance. Synergist A and B all had synergistic effects on four essential oils. The synergistic ratio of synergist A and B to eugenol was 1.80 and 1.98 respectively. (3) four essential oils could inhibit the AchE activity of aphids, and the concentration was positively correlated with the inhibition rate. The inhibition rate of eugenol on AchE was 49.78% and 58.68% at the concentration of 0.8ml/L and 1ml/L, respectively. (4) four kinds of essential oils had inhibitory effects on Na -K -ATPase Ca 2 mg 2 -ATPase of Lycium barbarum aphids and Wood lice in vitro, and the inhibition rates of eugenol on AchE were 49.78% and 58.68% respectively. The inhibition rate increased with the increase of essential oil concentration. The effects of eugenol and citronella oil on Na-K-ATPase activity were promoted by low concentration and inhibited by high concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.671

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