【摘要】：中華草龜(Chinemys reevesiis)是我國常見的龜類,不僅可以入藥、食用,還可作家庭觀賞,在我國養(yǎng)殖范圍廣泛,是除中華鱉外的又一大經濟龜鱉物種。隨著養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的不斷擴大,高密度集約化、溫室馴養(yǎng)、濫用抗生素藥物、疾病頻發(fā)等問題越來越嚴重,但是相應的疾病防治研究卻陷入瓶頸,發(fā)展緩慢。恩諾沙星(Enrofloxacin),屬于人工合成喹諾酮類藥物,對于革蘭氏陽性菌、陰性菌和霉形體都具有很好的抑制效果,具有廣譜抗菌性;不僅毒副作用小、有良好的組織分布性,并且與其他抗生素之間無交叉耐藥性,是一種較好的抗菌藥物。本實驗研究比較了同一給藥濃度下,肌注和胃插管術強制口服兩種給藥方式下,恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內的藥物代謝動力學規(guī)律。選取20只健康中華草龜,每組10只,隨機分為2組,分別為肌注組和胃插管強制口服組,給藥量均為10mg.kg-1。給藥后,分別在0h,0.5h,4h,8h,12h,24h,48h,96h,120h,144h,172h和196h后于龜頸靜脈竇處采血,是國內首次在龜類藥動學研究中成功實現(xiàn)在同一個體連續(xù)采血。應用液相色譜串聯(lián)質譜法測定數(shù)據(jù),Kinetic4.4軟件的非房室模型分析藥時數(shù)據(jù)。胃插管強制口服給藥主要藥動學參數(shù)為Cmax7.49μg/ml、Tmax12h、T1/2λz為99.85h、AUC0-∞為531.67 h*μg/m L;肌注給藥主要藥動學參數(shù)為Cmax5.85μg/ml、Tmax4h、T1/2λz為30.42h、AUC0-∞為193.6 h*μg/mL。兩種不同給藥條件下,肌注恩諾沙星比胃插管強制口服更快達到最高血藥濃度,表明肌注恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內吸收更快;胃插管強制口服給藥的Cmax和AUC均高于比肌注給藥,表明胃插管強制口服恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內吸收更完全,分布更廣泛效果更好。恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內消除緩慢,MRT長,胃插管強制口服給藥MRT顯著長于肌注給藥,其血藥濃度保留時間長,效果更持久。不同給藥劑量下,肌注恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內的藥物代謝動力學特征也存在差異。選取健康中華草龜20只,隨機均分為2組,分別肌注給藥10mg.kg和20mg/kg。應用液相色譜串聯(lián)質譜法測定數(shù)據(jù),Kinetic4.4軟件的非房室模型分析藥時數(shù)據(jù)。10mg/kg劑量,主要藥動學參數(shù)為:Cmax為5.85μg/ml、Tmax為4h、T1/2λz為30.42h、AUC0-∞為193.6 h*μg/m L;20mg/kg劑量,主要藥動學參數(shù)為:Cmax為11.3μg/ml、Tmax為8h、T1/2λz為47.04h、AUC0-∞為597.46 h*μg/mL。兩種給藥劑量下,高劑量組達峰時間是低劑量組的2倍,Cmax和AUC顯著高于低劑量組,且196h時高濃度組血藥濃度為0.31μg/mL,是低劑量組((0.06±0.03)μg/mL)的5倍,差異顯著�？梢�,不同劑量恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內藥動學特征有一定差異,20mg/kg組吸收更全面,相對生物利用度高,但是所需的吸收時間和代謝時間均較長。同時,本文在肌注相同劑量條件下,針對恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內的代謝產物是否為環(huán)丙沙星,以及其代謝規(guī)律進行了探究。研究結果表明,恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內可代謝轉化為環(huán)丙沙星,但其代謝率遠遠低于畜禽類,體內抗菌作用主要依賴原藥恩諾沙星。綜上,不同給藥劑量和給藥方式對恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內的藥物代謝均存在影響。當需較快達到療效時,建議肌注恩諾沙星,需持續(xù)給藥且龜體代謝狀態(tài)正常時,建議胃插管強制口服恩諾沙星。10mg/kg和20mg/kg給藥劑量在中華草龜體內均分布廣泛,吸收良好,但考慮藥物殘留問題,建議選擇10mg/kg為給藥劑量,并隔天給藥。
[Abstract]:Chinese turtle (Chinemys reevesiis) is a common turtle in China. It can not only be used as medicine, edible, but also be enjoyed by the family. It is a large economic turtle species besides Chinese turtle. With the continuous expansion of culture scale, high density and intensive cultivation, greenhouse domestication, abuse of antibiotics, and the frequent occurrence of diseases have become more and more serious. Enrofloxacin, a synthetic quinolone drug, has a good inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria and mycoplasma, and has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; it not only has a small toxic side effects, but also has a good tissue distribution. The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in Chinese turtles was compared between intramuscular injection and gastric intubation at the same concentration. Twenty healthy Chinese turtles were randomly divided into two groups. After administration, blood samples were collected at the jugular sinus of tortoises at 0 h, 0.5 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h, 172 h and 196 h respectively. It was the first time in China that the same individual was successfully collected in the study of tortoise pharmacokinetics. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were Cmax 7.49 ug/ml, Tmax 12 h, T1/2 lambda Z 99.85 h, AUC 0-infinity 531.67 h * ug/ml, intramuscular injection Cmax 5.85 ug/ml, Tmax 4 h, T1/2 lambda Z 30.42 h, AUC 0-infinity 193.6 ug/mL. The results showed that enrofloxacin was absorbed more quickly by intramuscular injection than by gastric intubation, and the concentration of CMAx and AUC were higher by intramuscular administration than by gastric intubation. Enrofloxacin was slowly eliminated in Chinese turtles and had longer MRT. The drug concentration in blood was longer than that of intramuscular injection. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin in Chinese turtles were also different at different doses. 20 healthy Chinese turtles were selected and randomly assigned to receive intramuscular injection. The pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: Cmax 5.85 ug/ml, Tmax 4 h, T1/2 lambda Z 30.42 h, AUC 0-uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Cmax was 11.3 ug/ml, Tmax was 8 hours, T1/2 lambda Z was 47.04 hours, AUC 0- The pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin in Chinese turtle were different. The 20mg/kg group had more comprehensive absorption and higher relative bioavailability, but the absorption time and metabolic time were longer. At the same time, the metabolites of enrofloxacin in Chinese turtle were ciprofloxacin and its substitutes under the same dosage of intramuscular injection. The results showed that enrofloxacin could be metabolized into ciprofloxacin in Chinese turtles, but its metabolic rate was much lower than that of livestock and poultry. The antimicrobial activity of enrofloxacin in vivo was mainly dependent on enrofloxacin. It is suggested that the dosage of enrofloxacin administered by gastric intubation forcing oral administration of enrofloxacin at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg is widely distributed and well absorbed in Chinese turtles, but considering the drug residue, it is suggested to choose 10 mg/kg as the dosage and give it every other day. Medicine.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S948

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 熊鋼;王宇;張建國;王曉清;曹永才;肖友勝;;中華草龜室內繁殖試驗[J];水產養(yǎng)殖;2013年03期

2 蔡錦明;;淺談中華草龜?shù)臒o公害生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖技術[J];科技致富向導;2012年14期

3 宋茂沛,黃順良;龜類養(yǎng)殖技術之二 中華草龜?shù)姆趸夹g[J];中國水產;2003年02期

4 林家義,林峰,芳芳;神奇的兩頭龜[J];農村新技術;2004年02期

5 林家義;林峰;芳芳;;神奇的兩頭龜[J];水產科技;2003年06期

6 賀剛;方春林;費春平;丁立云;余智杰;何力;曹義虎;;中華草龜、中華花龜及其雜種F_1稚龜?shù)纳L比較[J];江西水產科技;2012年01期

7 賀剛;何力;方春林;許映芳;汪登強;費春平;;中華草龜(♀)與中華花龜(♂)雜種F_1形態(tài)特征及其父母本的比較[J];南昌大學學報(理科版);2011年06期

8 賀剛;何力;方春林;許映芳;費春平;丁立云;;中華草龜(♀)與中華花龜(♂)及其雜種F_1代染色體及同工酶比較[J];淡水漁業(yè);2012年02期

9 朱學峰;;廣西中華草龜遺傳多樣性的RAPD分析[J];南方農業(yè)學報;2011年09期

10 鐘小慶;;養(yǎng)龜新舉措[J];漁業(yè)致富指南;2013年09期

相關會議論文 前1條

1 陳少梅;楊秀榮;蔣欽楊;蔣和生;;中華草龜Sox基因的克隆與序列分析[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學會動物繁殖學分會第十六屆學術研討會論文集[C];2012年

相關重要報紙文章 前2條

1 本報記者 張力澎;中華草龜“經”[N];新農村商報;2012年

2 農博;中華草龜[N];東方城鄉(xiāng)報;2007年

相關碩士學位論文 前4條

1 茅玲燕;恩諾沙星在中華草龜體內的藥物代謝動力學研究[D];上海海洋大學;2017年

2 章宇思;連續(xù)肌注恩諾沙星對養(yǎng)殖中華草龜（Chinemys reevesiis）的毒理學研究[D];上海海洋大學;2017年

3 張永進;中華草龜生物活性肽的制備及其體內外抗腫瘤作用研究[D];合肥工業(yè)大學;2015年

4 徐衛(wèi);不同環(huán)境因子對中華草龜卵孵化、幼體表型及學習能力的影響[D];杭州師范大學;2016年

，

本文編號：2176874