【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)針對(duì)從新西蘭引進(jìn)的費(fèi)約果品種在栽培過(guò)程中果實(shí)偏小、產(chǎn)量偏低等問(wèn)題,采用田間測(cè)定與實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試相結(jié)合的方法研究常規(guī)栽培條件下費(fèi)約果不同品種的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育特性、費(fèi)約果主要傳粉媒介及其傳粉規(guī)律,采用不同花粉授粉及植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑處理對(duì)費(fèi)約果果實(shí)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,篩選出適宜綿陽(yáng)地區(qū)的品種及適宜的技術(shù)和授粉處理組合。1、Unique的枝條柔軟,樹形為典型的披垂形,自花可結(jié)實(shí),具有開花數(shù)多、坐果數(shù),其相對(duì)與另外幾個(gè)品種較高,雖果實(shí)小,但單株產(chǎn)量比其他品種高,達(dá)到8.14kg,早熟,還具有果皮薄、可食率高、可溶性固形物較高(達(dá)到12.66%)、可溶性糖含量高(14.93mg/g),可滴定酸含量低(0.33mg/g)、糖酸比高(47.30)、味道甜,香味濃郁、品質(zhì)高等特點(diǎn)。所以Unique是果實(shí)內(nèi)、外品質(zhì)及綜合性狀皆優(yōu)的品種。Coolidge具有坐果率高(是坐果率較低Triumph的1.61倍)、果實(shí)單重(25.67g)、單株產(chǎn)量為5.96kg(僅次于Unique),此外Coolidge的可溶性固形物含量也較高,能達(dá)到12.60%。因此Unique和Coolidge是較適合在綿陽(yáng)地區(qū)生長(zhǎng)的費(fèi)約果品種。2、我國(guó)費(fèi)約果的主要傳粉媒介為蜜蜂、鳥類、甲蟲及少量的螞蟻和蒼蠅等。其中按觀察到的訪花次數(shù)來(lái)看,其排序?yàn)?蜜蜂螞蟻鳥類蠅類甲蟲,就蜜蜂的訪花記錄可以得出,蜂箱離費(fèi)約果的距離越近,蜜蜂的訪花頻率越頻繁。蜜蜂的訪花時(shí)間主要集中在8:00-13:00之間,蜜蜂每天的訪問(wèn)次數(shù)與距離蜂箱的位置有關(guān),蜜蜂在盛花期訪花最活躍。3、不同費(fèi)約果品種需要不同品種花粉授粉改善果實(shí)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的效果不同。其中OpalStar作為父本與Unique授粉:果實(shí)單果重59.22g(約為對(duì)照的2倍),單株產(chǎn)量7.11kg為對(duì)照的2.5倍,可食率能達(dá)到55.53%是對(duì)照的1.43倍,可溶性固形物僅次于Coolidge(46.76%)。Coolidge作為父本與Unique授粉:可食率為46.76%,次于以O(shè)palStar作為父本的授粉組合,是對(duì)照的1.2倍;可溶性固形物高達(dá)15.5%,可溶性糖含量為12.85mg/g,糖酸比較高。以O(shè)palStar作為父本與Coolidge授粉:OpalStar縱徑約為57.30mm,橫徑(45.31mm)顯著性大于其它授粉處理,果肉多,可溶性固形物高13.9%,可溶性糖含量11.93mg/g等指標(biāo)均高于對(duì)照,是較適合的授粉組合。Unique為父本與Coolidge授粉:單株產(chǎn)量達(dá)5kg以上,坐果率比對(duì)照提高了25.00%,可溶性固形物是對(duì)照的1.15倍�？傮w上看,OpalStar作為父本與Unique和Coolidge授粉,坐果率不高,但單果重量大,其單株產(chǎn)量就高,且果實(shí)品質(zhì)較佳,此外,Unique和Coolidge正反交組合在提高費(fèi)約果結(jié)實(shí)率及改善果實(shí)品質(zhì)具有一定促進(jìn)作用。4、植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑處理后,費(fèi)約果的坐果率、單果重及產(chǎn)量與對(duì)照相比均有所增加。坐果率、單果重和單株產(chǎn)量的規(guī)律表現(xiàn)為:植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑混合CPPUGA3CK。植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑噴施2次的效果優(yōu)于1次,對(duì)單果重和單株產(chǎn)量?jī)蓚�(gè)指標(biāo)影響顯著,施用2次10mg/LCPPU費(fèi)約果單果重達(dá)到施用一次的1.60倍。施用兩次20mg/LGA3能顯著提高單株產(chǎn)量達(dá)到12.08kg,是一次施用的1.63倍。GA3與CPPU混合噴施的效果不錯(cuò),10mg/LCPPU、10mg/L的GA3能顯著性提高果實(shí)坐果率和單果重以及產(chǎn)量方面。除2次50mg/LGA3的果皮厚度比對(duì)照厚以外,其余均有所降低,其中效果與對(duì)照明顯的有高濃度的20mg/LCPPU和低濃度的20mg/LGA3,由此可見(jiàn),植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑可以抑制富含石細(xì)胞的費(fèi)約果果皮加厚。合適濃度CPPU處理能增加果重、提高產(chǎn)量。高濃度CPPU處理雖能增加果實(shí)重量,但風(fēng)味和營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)均下降。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problems of small fruit and low yield in the cultivation process of Feijor fruit introduced from New Zealand, the growth and development characteristics of different Feijor fruit cultivars under conventional cultivation conditions were studied by combining field and laboratory tests. The main pollinators and their pollination laws of Feijor fruit cultivars were studied by using different pollen methods. 1. Unique has a soft branch, a typical drooping shape, self-flowering fruit, a large number of blossoms and fruits, relatively higher than other varieties, although the fruit is small, but the shape of the tree is a typical drooping shape. The yield per plant was 8.14kg higher than that of other varieties, early maturing, thin pericarp, high edible rate, high soluble solids content (12.66%), high soluble sugar content (14.93mg/g), low titratable acid content (0.33mg/g), high sugar-acid ratio (47.30), sweet taste, rich aroma and high quality. Coolidge has high fruit setting rate (1.61 times as low as Triumph), single fruit weight (25.67 g), yield of 5.96 kg per plant (second only to Unique), and soluble solids content of Coolidge is also high, up to 12.60%. Therefore, Unique and Coolidge are suitable for growing in Mianyang area. The main pollinators are bees, birds, beetles and a small number of ants and flies. According to the observed visits, the order is bees, ants, birds, flies and beetles. Between 00 and 13:00, the number of visits per day was related to the distance from the hive. The most active visits were during the flowering period. 3. Different Feijor fruit varieties needed different varieties of pollen to improve the fruit yield and quality. OpalStar as male parent and Unique pollinated: the fruit weight was 59.22 g (about twice the control), and the fruit yield per plant was different. The edible rate was 2.5 times higher than that of the control at 7.11 kg, 55.53% of which was 1.43 times higher than that of the control, and the soluble solids were only next to that of Coolidge (46.76%). OpalStar as the male parent and Coolidge pollination: OpalStar vertical diameter about 57.30 mm, transverse diameter (45.31 mm) significantly greater than other pollination treatments, flesh more, soluble solids 13.9%, soluble sugar content 11.93 mg/g and other indicators are higher than the control, is a more suitable pollination combination. Unique as the male parent and Coolidge pollination: the yield per plant up to 5 kg Overall, OpalStar, as a male parent, pollinated with Unique and Coolidge, had a low fruit setting rate, but the weight of a single fruit was large, the yield per plant was higher, and the fruit quality was better. In addition, the combination of Unique and Coolidge increased the fruit setting rate and improved the fruit quality. 4. After treatment with plant growth regulator, the fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and yield of Feijoo fruit were all increased compared with the control. The fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and yield of each plant were shown as follows: CPPUGA3CK was mixed with plant growth regulator. The effect of spraying twice with plant growth regulator was better than that of once, and the effect of spraying twice with plant growth regulator on single fruit weight and single plant was better. The effect of two indexes on yield was significant. The application of 10mg/LCPPU twice could increase the yield of single fruit by 1.60 times. The application of 20mg/LGA3 twice could significantly increase the yield of single plant by 12.08kg, which was 1.63 times as much as that of single application. The effect of GA3 combined with CPPU was good. The effect of 10mg/LCPPU, 10mg/L GA3 could significantly increase the fruit setting rate and single fruit weight. The results showed that plant growth regulators could inhibit the peel thickening of the fruit rich in stone cells. The proper concentration of CPPU could increase the fruit weight and yield. High concentration of CPPU treatment increased fruit weight but decreased flavor and nutritional quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S667.9

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