【摘要】：玉米是重要的糧食及飼料作物,因有高稈、凈光合效率高、C4高光效等特點(diǎn),近年來已成為我國第一大糧食作物。黃淮海地區(qū)作為重要的夏播玉米種植區(qū),在玉米生長期,常受干旱影響,嚴(yán)重影響夏玉米產(chǎn)量。S-誘抗素(簡稱ABA)是一種是具有重要生理活性的植物內(nèi)源生長調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì),不僅可以提高植物對干旱等逆境的抵抗能力,還能調(diào)節(jié)植物生長。但S-誘抗素對玉米抗旱影響方面的研究較少。本研究篩選了S-誘抗素對玉米拌種及噴霧合適的使用劑量,同時(shí)研究了不同干旱脅迫下S-誘抗素對玉米種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長的生理生化指標(biāo)的變化;盆栽條件下對玉米幼苗的光合特性、光合酶、保護(hù)酶活性及抗逆性物質(zhì)含量的影響;并研究了田間施用S-誘抗素對玉米生長及產(chǎn)量的影響。采用沙培試驗(yàn)研究S-誘抗素不同濃度拌種處理對玉米種子活性及幼苗生長的影響。中度干旱下處理與未拌種相比,濃度為0.5 mg/10kg種子處理玉米種子發(fā)芽勢、發(fā)芽率、發(fā)芽指數(shù)和活力指數(shù)分別提高了25.41%、20.53%、22.44%和44.18%,玉米苗株高、主根長、根數(shù)、單株鮮重、根冠比分別增加了2.21 cm、2.30 cm、0.26條、0.15 g、0.55。重度干旱脅迫下,濃度為1.0 mg/10kg種子處理效果最好,玉米種子發(fā)芽勢、發(fā)芽率、發(fā)芽指數(shù)和活力指數(shù)分別提高了36.51%、34.38%、37.14%和103.53%,玉米苗株高、主根長、根數(shù)、單株鮮重、根冠比分別增加了2.32 cm、1.35 cm、1.09條、0.14 g、0.56。兩種不同干旱程度下使用S-誘抗素拌種可以增加玉米葉片的葉綠素、可溶性糖含量,提高根系活力。采用溫室土培試驗(yàn)研究S-誘抗素不同濃度拌種處理對玉米種子活性及幼苗生長的影響。中度干旱下處理與未拌種相比,劑量為1.2 mg/10kg種子時(shí),玉米苗株高、主根長、胚芽鞘長、第三葉面積、地上鮮重、地下鮮重分別增加了8.9 cm、7.34 cm、0.14 cm、8.52 cm~2、0.49 g、0.33 g。CAT、POD、SOD、PEP羧化酶、Ru BP羧化酶活性分別提高了43.34%、34.65%、34.43%、72.12%、52.48%,MDA含量降低44.24%,根系活力提高了28.14%,葉綠素含量增加27.71%。重度干旱下,劑量為1.2 mg/10kg種子的效果最好,玉米苗株高、主根長、胚芽鞘長、第三葉面積、地上鮮重、地下鮮重分別增加了8.3cm、1.66 cm、0.28 cm、8.02 cm~2、0.34 g、0.11 g。CAT、POD、SOD、PEP羧化酶、RuBP羧化酶活性分別提高了50.55%、47.23%、55.18%、71.68%、50.89%,MDA含量降低42.94%,根系活力及葉綠素含量分別提高了44.86%、21.12%。研究了兩種程度(中度和重度)干旱脅迫下S-誘抗素噴霧處理對玉米生理生化指標(biāo)的影響。結(jié)果表明不同干旱程度下各處理株高、根長、地上鮮重、地下鮮重等生物學(xué)性狀和過氧化氫酶(CAT)、過氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性等生理生化指標(biāo)較對照均有提高,其中濃度為2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg濃度下效果最明顯。在玉米三葉一心期使用S-誘抗素噴霧處理可促進(jìn)生長,提高保護(hù)酶(CAT、POD、SOD)等活性,增加葉綠素含量,提高根系活力。研究了田間條件下,S-誘抗素噴霧處理對玉米生長情況及產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,4-5葉期噴施S-誘抗素一次(處理A),濃度為3mg/kg時(shí),玉米果穗長、穗周長、穗行數(shù)、行粒數(shù)、千粒重、小區(qū)產(chǎn)量較對照提高9.05%、9.14%、9.21%、9.94%、13.26%、11.73%,果穗禿尖長下降了8.24%,效果較為明顯;7-8葉期噴施S-誘抗素一次(處理B),濃度為2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg時(shí),玉米果穗長、小區(qū)產(chǎn)量等指標(biāo)較對照有所提高,果穗禿尖長下降較為明顯;4-5葉期和7-8葉期各施藥一次(處理C),濃度為3 mg/kg時(shí),玉米果穗長、穗周長、穗行數(shù)、行粒數(shù)、千粒重、小區(qū)產(chǎn)量較對照提高10.73%、10.76%、14.09%、14.09%、6.38%、15.43%,果穗禿尖長下降了18.82%,較處理A、B效果更好。
[Abstract]:Maize is an important grain and feed crop. Due to its high stalk, high net photosynthetic efficiency and high light efficiency, C4 has become the largest grain crop in China in recent years. As an important summer sowing maize planting area, the Yellow Huai sea area is often affected by drought in the growing period of maize, which seriously affects the yield of summer corn,.S- lure (ABA). The important physiological activity of plant endogenous growth regulators can not only improve the resistance of plants to drought, but also regulate plant growth. However, there are few studies on the effect of S- lure on maize drought resistance. This study screened the appropriate dosage of S- inducer for maize seed mixing and spray, and studied the different drought stress. The changes in physiological and biochemical indexes of Maize Seed Germination and seedling growth were forced by S- inducer, and the effects of photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic enzyme, protective enzyme activity and the content of resistance substances in Maize Seedlings under the conditions of pot culture, and the effects of S- lure on the growth and yield of Maize in the field were studied. The effects of S- lure on the growth and yield of maize were studied in the field of sand culture. The effects of the concentration of seed dressing on the seed activity and the seedling growth of maize. The germination potential of maize seeds treated with 0.5 mg/10kg seeds under the moderate drought treatment, the germination rate, the germination index and the vigor index were increased by 25.41%, 20.53%, 22.44% and 44.18% respectively, the height of the root, the root number, the fresh weight of the single plant and the root and crown ratio. Do not increase the 2.21 cm, 2.30 cm, 0.26, 0.15 g, 0.55. severe drought stress, the concentration of 1 mg/10kg seed treatment is the best, corn seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index increased 36.51%, 34.38%, 37.14% and 103.53%, maize seedling height, root length, root number, single plant fresh weight, root shoot ratio increased 2.32 cm respectively, 1, respectively. .35 cm, 1.09, 0.14 g, 0.56. with two different drought degrees with S- inducer can increase the chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and increase the root activity of maize. The effect of seed mixing treatment with different concentration of S- inducer on the activity of maize seed and the growth of young seedlings was studied by greenhouse soil culture. When the seeds were 1.2 mg/10kg, the maize seedlings were high, the length of the main root, the length of the germ sheath, the area of the third leaf, the fresh weight on the ground, the fresh weight of the ground increased by 8.9 cm, 7.34 cm, 0.14 cm, 8.52 cm~2,0.49 g, 0.33 g.CAT, POD, SOD, PEP carboxylase, and Ru BP carboxylase activity increased by 43.34%, 34.65%, 34.43%, 72.12%, 52.48%, decreased 44.24%, root system, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system decreased 44.24%, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system, root system decreased 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root roots Vigor increased 28.14%, chlorophyll content increased 27.71%. severe drought, the dosage of 1.2 mg/10kg seeds was the best, maize seedlings were high, the main root length, the length of the germ sheath, the area of the third leaf, the fresh weight on the ground, the fresh weight of the ground increased by 8.3cm, 1.66 cm, 0.28 cm, 8.02 cm~ 2,0.34 g, 0.11 g.CAT, POD, SOD, PEP carboxylase, carboxylase activity of PEP carboxylase, respectively. The increase of 50.55%, 47.23%, 55.18%, 71.68%, 50.89%, MDA content decreased 42.94%, and the root activity and chlorophyll content increased by 44.86%. 21.12%. studied the effects of the S- inducer spray treatment on the physiological and biochemical indexes of Maize under the drought stress of two degrees (moderate and severe). The results showed that the treatment plants were high, root, and ground under different drought degrees. Biological characters such as fresh weight, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other physiological and biochemical indexes were improved. The effect was most obvious under the concentration of 2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg. The use of S- inducer spray treatment in the core period of maize Trifolium could promote growth and improve the protection. The effects of enzyme (CAT, POD, SOD) and other activities on the chlorophyll content and root activity were increased. The effect of S- induced anti vegetal spray treatment on the growth and yield of Maize under the field conditions was studied. The results showed that when S- was applied to S- (A) at the 4-5 leaf stage, the ear length, ear length, row number, grain number, 1000 grain weight, and plot yield were observed when the concentration was 3mg/kg. Compared with 9.05%, 9.14%, 9.21%, 9.94%, 13.26%, 11.73%, the length of bald tip decreased by 8.24%, and the effect was more obvious. At 7-8 leaf stage, when the S- inducer was applied (B), the concentration was 2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg, the ear length of maize was higher than that of the control, and the length of the ear bald tip decreased more obviously; the 4-5 leaf and 7-8 leaf phases were used for each application. When the concentration is 3 mg/kg, when the concentration is 3 mg/kg, the ear length of corn, the panicle length, the number of rows of ears, the number of grain and 1000 grain weight, the yield of the plot increase by 10.73%, 10.76%, 14.09%, 14.09%, 6.38%, 15.43%, and the length of the bald tip of the fruit ear drops 18.82%, and the effect is better than that of the treatment of A and B.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號：2146432