本文選題：水稻 + 農(nóng)藝性狀��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻直播不需要育秧與移栽直接將種子播種于田里,因此是一種輕型、高效且節(jié)水的栽培方式,對實(shí)現(xiàn)水稻生產(chǎn)的規(guī)�；�、機(jī)械化具有重要意義。種子成苗的好壞是直播栽培應(yīng)用于推廣的先決條件,低溫萌發(fā)力是限制直播稻種子成苗的主要因素之一。培育新的或改良現(xiàn)有水稻品種的耐低溫萌發(fā)特性,是直播稻發(fā)展亟待解決的問題。在普通野生稻里,位于全球最北端的東鄉(xiāng)野生稻蘊(yùn)藏著耐旱、耐寒、耐瘠、抗病蟲、高產(chǎn)等有利基因,素有植物中的"大熊貓"之美譽(yù),目前通過東鄉(xiāng)野生稻培育的稻種已有57種之多。本研究將利用東鄉(xiāng)野生稻和超級稻沈農(nóng)265構(gòu)建的140份回交重組自交系,對超級稻沈農(nóng)265的低溫萌發(fā)力進(jìn)行改良,利用SSR分子標(biāo)記技術(shù),結(jié)合混合分組分離方法(BSA)篩選耐冷連鎖標(biāo)記并進(jìn)行QTL初步定位。主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1.140份回交重組自交系群體在株高,穗長,結(jié)實(shí)率,千粒重方面呈明顯的正太分布。其中整體株高平均值為95.31cm,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為8.72。穗長平均值為17.03cm,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為1.31,大部分自交系穗長在15cm-18cm范圍內(nèi),個(gè)別自交系穗長達(dá)到25cm左右。結(jié)實(shí)率平均值為0.92,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為0.03,極少數(shù)自交系結(jié)實(shí)率較低,為75%左右。千粒重平均值為25.75g,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為3.58,多數(shù)自交系千粒重在25g左右,少數(shù)能達(dá)到38g左右。以上結(jié)果表明群體的各農(nóng)藝性狀呈現(xiàn)連續(xù)分布趨勢,為明顯的多基因控制的數(shù)量性狀,且群體內(nèi)變異豐富。株高與結(jié)實(shí)率之間呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)性,結(jié)實(shí)率與千粒重呈極顯著正相關(guān),與前人研究結(jié)果一致。2.進(jìn)行低溫發(fā)芽力的鑒定結(jié)果表明回交重組自交系群體的低溫萌發(fā)力呈現(xiàn)明顯的連續(xù)分布趨勢,且呈正態(tài)分布。表明群體中存在不同等級的耐冷性材料,以群體低溫發(fā)芽力耐冷等級進(jìn)行劃分,群體耐冷性都劃分為3個(gè)等級,其中發(fā)芽率極強(qiáng)的占了 5%,耐冷性極弱的占了 7.9%。且通過相關(guān)性分析,低溫發(fā)芽力與各產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素間均無相關(guān)性,對群體的產(chǎn)量指標(biāo)和低溫發(fā)芽力做性狀間的相關(guān)分析,低溫發(fā)芽力與產(chǎn)量各指標(biāo)之間均無明顯相關(guān)性,說明低溫條件下水稻發(fā)芽不受株高、穗長、結(jié)實(shí)率與千粒重的影響,低溫發(fā)芽力獨(dú)立于產(chǎn)量性狀遺傳,為超級稻低溫發(fā)芽力的改良奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。3.通過農(nóng)藝性狀和低溫發(fā)芽力的綜合表現(xiàn),篩選了 7份農(nóng)藝性狀表現(xiàn)良好(類似沈農(nóng)265),低溫發(fā)芽力較強(qiáng)的材料,這7份材料株高平均為96.8cm,穗長平均為17.4cm,穗數(shù)平均為14,穗粒數(shù)平均值為144,結(jié)實(shí)率平均為92.29%,千粒重平均為25.42g,低溫發(fā)芽率平均為93%,這些材料在產(chǎn)量性狀上與超級稻沈農(nóng)265類似,但低溫發(fā)芽力卻得到顯著提升,為超級稻沈農(nóng)265低溫發(fā)芽力改良提供了很好的基礎(chǔ)材料。4.從水稻基因組上挑選158對均勻分布在12條染色體上的SSR引物,經(jīng)篩選,在親本中表現(xiàn)出明顯多態(tài)性的有46對,多態(tài)率為33.33%。利用這46對SSR引物對140個(gè)株系的標(biāo)記帶型進(jìn)行檢測,利用IciMapping4.1作圖軟件定位出19個(gè)有關(guān)低溫發(fā)芽力QTL,分別位于第1、2、4、5、6、7、11號染色體。其中第1染色體有3個(gè),第2染色體定位到7個(gè),且這些QTL在第2條染色體上密集分布。第4和第6染色體分別1個(gè),第5染色體和第11染色體分別有2個(gè)。這些QTL的LOD值介于2.57-5.00之間,加性效應(yīng)值在-15.30—14.43之間,單個(gè)QTL貢獻(xiàn)率介于11.48%-17.72%之間。其中貢獻(xiàn)率最大的兩個(gè)QTL分別位于第1染色體上的標(biāo)記RM562-RM8129和RM8219-RM3825之間,貢獻(xiàn)率分別為17.71%和17.72%。5.在回交重組自交系群體中選擇耐冷性極強(qiáng)和耐冷性極弱的材料各10個(gè),構(gòu)建耐冷和不耐冷2個(gè)極端混池,進(jìn)一步采用BSA法,利用在親本中有多態(tài)性的46對引物在兩個(gè)混池中進(jìn)行多態(tài)性檢測,在第2染色體上檢測到兩對在混池中具有多態(tài)性的引物RM324、RM166,在第5和第9染色體上的各檢測到一對在混池中具有多態(tài)性的引物RM534 和 RM257。
[Abstract]:The direct seeding of rice does not need seedling and transplant to seed the seed directly in the field. Therefore, it is a light, efficient and water-saving cultivation method. It is of great significance to realize the scale and mechanization of rice production. The seed seedling is the first piece of the direct seeding cultivation, and the low temperature germination force is the restriction of the seeding of direct seeding rice. One of the main factors is to cultivate new or improved low temperature germination characteristics of existing rice varieties, which is an urgent problem to be solved for the development of direct seeding rice. In the common wild rice, the Dongxiang wild rice located at the north end of the world contains drought tolerance, cold tolerance, barren resistance, disease resistance and high yield, and is known as the "giant panda" in plants. There are 57 species of rice cultivated in Dongxiang wild rice. In this study, 140 backcross recombined inbred lines of Dongxiang wild rice and super rice Shen Nong 265 were used to improve the low temperature germination power of super rice Shen Nong 265. Using SSR molecular marker technique, combined with mixed grouping separation method (BSA), the cold resistant linkage markers were screened and QTL preliminary determination was carried out. The main contents and results are as follows: 1.140 recombined recombined inbred lines have obvious positive and positive distribution in plant height, ear length, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight, of which the average height of the whole plant is 95.31cm, the standard deviation is 8.72. ear length 17.03cm, the standard deviation is 1.31, the ear length of the large part of the inbred line is within the range of 15cm-18cm, and individual inbred lines are in the range of the large part of the inbred line. The ear length reached about 25cm, the average value of seed setting rate was 0.92, the standard deviation was 0.03, the seed setting rate of the very few inbred lines was about 75%. The average value of 1000 grain weight was 25.75g, the standard deviation was 3.58, the 1000 grain weight of most inbred lines was about 25g, and the few could reach about 38g. There was a significant negative correlation between the plant height and the seed setting rate, and the seed setting rate was significantly positively correlated with the 1000 grain weight. The identification results of.2. at low temperature showed that the low temperature germination of the reformed inbred lines showed a significant continuous distribution. It shows that there are different grades of cold resistant materials in the population, and the cold tolerance of population is divided into 3 grades, with 3 grades of cold tolerance, 5% of them with strong germination rate, and the very weak cold tolerance is accounted for by the correlation analysis. There was no correlation between the correlation analysis between the yield indexes of the population and the characters of the low temperature germination power, and there was no significant correlation between the low temperature germination power and the yield indexes. It indicated that the germination of rice under low temperature was not affected by plant height, ear length, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight, and the low temperature germination power was independent of yield traits, and it was the low temperature germination power of super rice. The improvement laid the theoretical basis for.3. through the comprehensive performance of agronomic traits and low temperature germination power, and screened 7 varieties of good agronomic traits (similar to Shen Nong 265), with strong germination capacity at low temperature. The average height of the 7 material plants was 96.8cm, the average ear length was 17.4cm, the average ear number was 14, the grain number per ear was 144, and the seed setting rate averaged 92.29%. The average 1000 grain weight is 25.42g and the low temperature germination rate is 93%. These materials are similar to the super rice Shen Nong 265 in the yield traits, but the germination ability of the low temperature is significantly improved, which provides a good foundation material for the improvement of the low temperature germination power of the super rice Shen Nong 265, and the selection of 158 pairs of SSR on the 12 chromosomes from the rice genome. Primers, after screening, showed 46 pairs of obvious polymorphisms in the parents, and the polymorphism rate was 33.33%. using the 46 pairs of SSR primers to detect the tagged bands of 140 strains, and using IciMapping4.1 mapping software to locate 19 low temperature germinating forces QTL, respectively, on chromosome 1,2,4,5,6,7,11. First of the first chromosomes were stained with second chromosomes. The body is located to 7, and these QTL are densely distributed on second chromosomes. Fourth and sixth chromosomes are 1, fifth and eleventh chromosomes have 2 respectively. The LOD value of these QTL is between 2.57-5.00, the additive effect value is between -15.30 and 14.43, and the contribution rate of individual QTL is between 11.48%-17.72%. Among which the largest contribution rate is two QTL points. It is not located between the first chromosome markers RM562-RM8129 and RM8219-RM3825, the contribution rate is 17.71% and 17.72%.5. in the backcross recombined inbred lines to select 10 materials with very strong cold resistance and very cold tolerance. 2 Extreme mixed pools with cold and cold tolerance are constructed, and the BSA method is used for further exploitation, and 46 pairs of polymorphic pairs in the parents are used. Polymorphisms were detected in two mixed pools, and two pairs of polymorphic primers RM324, RM166, and polymorphic primers on the fifth and ninth chromosomes were detected on the second chromosome, and a pair of polymorphic primers RM534 and RM257. were detected on the fifth and ninth chromosomes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511.9
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本文編號：2114930