本文選題：鉛 + 沸石��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鉛因子因自然作用或人為活動而進(jìn)入陸地以及水環(huán)境中,給作物安全種植、人們身體健康帶來威脅。水稻作為我國主要的糧食作物之一,在糧食生產(chǎn)中占重要地位,部分種植地區(qū)灌溉水有不同程度的鉛污染。為探討鉛污染水灌溉下在土壤中施用沸石對土壤環(huán)境和水稻長勢及稻米品質(zhì)、鉛在水稻植株中富集的影響,本文在總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外鉛污染對植物生長的影響研究的基礎(chǔ)上,以水稻作為材料,采用微區(qū)試驗(yàn),在水稻土中施用了不同添加量的沸石(0、2500、5000kg·ha-1),在生長期間用不同濃度(0、0.25、0.2、0.15mg·L-1)的含鉛污水進(jìn)行灌溉,分析沸石對鉛污染水灌溉稻田土壤鉀、磷、全氮、全碳和pH值的影響和對水稻產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)、鉛在水稻植株中富集及水稻長勢的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)沸石對鉛污染水灌溉稻田土壤鉀、磷、全氮、全碳、pH值的影響未施用沸石時(shí),鉛污水抑制土壤pH值和速效鉀、全氮、全碳含量,低濃度鉛污水促進(jìn)速效磷含量;清水灌溉時(shí),沸石降低土壤全碳和速效磷含量,提高土壤pH值,沸石施用量為W1提高土壤氮和速效鉀含量;在低濃度鉛污水灌溉下沸石提高土壤速效鉀和pH值,降低土壤速效磷和全碳含量,施用沸石量為W2時(shí),土壤全氮含量降低。(2)沸石對鉛污染水灌溉稻田水稻長勢及產(chǎn)量的影響灌溉水中鉛對株高、分蘗起抑制作用,隨著濃度的增加影響并無規(guī)律性;在相同鉛因子濃度水灌溉下,沸石對水稻的株高、地上部干重及地下部干重均有促進(jìn)作用,對地下部分影響作用受灌溉水鉛濃度的影響,鉛濃度越高則促進(jìn)作用越受抑制。低濃度鉛污水灌溉下沸石對水稻產(chǎn)量有促進(jìn)作用,不同沸石施用量對水稻產(chǎn)量的影響不同,施用2500 kg.ha-1時(shí),降低水稻產(chǎn)量,鉛水濃度越高降低越明顯;施用5000 kg·ha-1時(shí),促進(jìn)水稻產(chǎn)量。(3)沸石對鉛污染水灌溉稻田稻米品質(zhì)的影響低濃度含鉛水與沸石對米中水分均有促進(jìn)作用,沸石處理對水分促進(jìn)作用大于鉛;沸石對米中蛋白質(zhì)含量起負(fù)作用,同一灌溉濃度,沸石添加量增加,蛋白質(zhì)含量減少量增加,而鉛水對蛋白質(zhì)的含量起促進(jìn)作用;在低濃度鉛因子水灌溉下,沸石對直鏈淀粉含量起促進(jìn)作用,同一灌溉濃度,沸石施用量增加,稻米中淀粉增加量減少,不同處理下,米中水分及直鏈淀粉這兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)含量仍符合綠色大米標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(水分≤15.5%,直鏈淀粉 13.0%～20.0%)。(4)沸石對鉛污染水灌溉下鉛在土壤-水稻系統(tǒng)富集和遷移規(guī)律影響水稻各器官鉛的富集系數(shù)按大小順序排列為:根莖葉米,當(dāng)灌溉的鉛污水鉛濃度一定時(shí),施用沸石量為W2,顯著增大根中鉛富集系數(shù),莖、葉、米中Pb富集系數(shù)減小,莖、葉、米中Pb的遷移系數(shù)隨著施用沸石量增加而減小。
[Abstract]:Lead factor enters the land and water environment because of natural action or human activities, which brings about threat to the safety of crop planting and the health of people. As one of the main food crops in China, rice plays an important role in grain production, and there is lead pollution in irrigation water in some planting areas. In order to study the effects of zeolite application on soil environment, rice growth and rice quality, and the enrichment of lead in rice plants under lead polluted water irrigation, this paper summarized the effects of lead pollution on plant growth at home and abroad. Using rice as a material, different amount of zeolite (0: 2500kg / kg ha-1) was applied to paddy soil to irrigate lead-containing sewage with different concentrations (0 ~ (0.25) ~ (0.25) ~ (0.2) ~ (0.15 mg ~ (-1) during the growing period. The effects of zeolite on potassium, phosphorus and total nitrogen of paddy soil irrigated with lead polluted water were analyzed. The effects of total carbon and pH value on the yield and quality of rice, the enrichment of lead in rice plants and the growth of rice. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of zeolite on potassium, phosphorus, total nitrogen, total carbon and total carbon in paddy soil irrigated with lead polluted water. Without the application of zeolite, lead wastewater inhibited soil pH value, available potassium, total nitrogen and total carbon content. When irrigated with clean water, zeolite decreased soil total carbon and available phosphorus content, increased soil pH value, and increased soil available potassium and nitrogen content by using W1. Under low concentration of lead sewage irrigation, zeolites increased soil available potassium and pH value, reduced soil available phosphorus and total carbon contents, and applied zeolites to W2. (2) the effect of zeolite on the growth and yield of rice irrigated with lead polluted water; the effect of lead on plant height and tillering inhibition in irrigation water was not regular with the increase of concentration. Zeolites promoted plant height, dry weight above ground and dry weight of underground part of rice. The effect on underground part was affected by lead concentration in irrigation water, and the higher the concentration of lead was, the more inhibited the promoting effect was. Under low concentration of lead sewage irrigation, zeolites could promote rice yield, and different zeolites had different effects on rice yield. When 2500 kg.ha-1 was applied, the yield of rice was decreased, the higher the concentration of lead and water was, the more obvious it was, and the more 5000 kg ha-1 was applied, the lower the yield of rice was. (3) effects of zeolite on quality of rice irrigated with lead-polluted water. (3) low concentration of lead water and zeolite can promote water content in rice, zeolite treatment can promote water content more than lead, zeolites play a negative role on protein content of rice. At the same irrigation concentration, zeolite content increased and protein content decreased, while lead water promoted protein content, under low concentration lead factor water irrigation, zeolites promoted amylose content, the same irrigation concentration, Under different treatments, the content of water and amylose in rice still accord with the standard of green rice. (water 鈮，

本文編號：2102034