發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-02 09:08

  本文選題：全覆膜 + 谷子��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為明確全覆膜栽培技術(shù)對(duì)谷子生理特性及產(chǎn)量的影響,以"張雜谷3號(hào)"為試材,于2015-2016連續(xù)兩年間在地處黃土高原丘陵區(qū)的內(nèi)蒙古清水河縣,通過全覆膜平作(QP)、全覆膜壟溝種植(QW)、露地平作(CK)三個(gè)處理,研究全覆膜栽培方式對(duì)谷子形態(tài)生理特性、土壤指標(biāo)、籽粒產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,進(jìn)而明確適合該地區(qū)旱作谷子的全覆膜栽培方式。研究結(jié)果如下:1.全覆膜處理QP、QW能夠極顯著提高谷子的出苗率,QP、QW處理兩年平均較CK分別提高了 9.94%和6.24%。兩年的出苗率處理間均表現(xiàn)為:QPQWCK。2.全覆膜處理能夠增加苗期和拔節(jié)期的株高且差異顯著,均以QW處理的株高增幅最大。覆膜處理能夠提高葉片SPAD值和光合速率,兩年間QP處理較CK 提高 SPAD 值 6.22%-36.74%,QW 處理較 CK 提高 SPAD 值 4.77%-31.12%;兩處理較CK分別最高可提高光合速率51.92%和62.02%。不僅如此,全覆膜處理還能夠增加谷子的抗旱能力,能夠降低葉片中SOD活性、降低葉片中MDA、游離脯氨酸含量,緩解干旱對(duì)葉片的傷害,保證了干旱時(shí)期谷子的生長發(fā)育。3.全覆膜處理能夠增加土壤0-40cm 土層土壤含水量,在較為干旱的苗期,全覆膜處理對(duì)土壤含水量的增幅效果最高可達(dá)56.76%。全覆膜處理QP、QW還能提高10-20cm 土層土壤微生物量C、N含量,兩年間較CK可提高土壤微生物C含量7.36%-67.76%;較CK提高微生物量N含量最大可達(dá)47.95%。全覆膜處理增加了土壤耕層土壤含水量和微生物量C、N含量,確保了土壤環(huán)境有利于谷子生長發(fā)育,保證了產(chǎn)量的形成。4.全覆膜處理能夠顯著提高穗數(shù)、穗長、千粒重等產(chǎn)量指標(biāo),最高增幅分別可達(dá)到16.28%、22.71%和39.55%。兩年內(nèi)全覆膜處理均能夠提高籽粒產(chǎn)量,對(duì)籽粒產(chǎn)量的提升效果在111.48%-29.96%之間。5.全覆膜處理能夠提高籽粒蛋白質(zhì)含量2.86%-11.19%,提高籽粒脂肪含量2.58%-13.93%,雖然全覆膜處理提高了籽粒脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)含量,但是籽粒蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪含量處理間差異并不顯著。6.全覆膜處理對(duì)谷子出苗率、形態(tài)生理指標(biāo)、土壤指標(biāo)、產(chǎn)量指標(biāo)的增減幅度在降雨較少的年份較大,在潤雨年份較小。全覆膜處理能夠極顯著增加水分利用效率,進(jìn)而增加了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the effect of full film mulching cultivation technology on the physiological characteristics and yield of millet, "Zhangzagu 3" was used as the material for two consecutive years in Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia, which is located in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau in 2015-2016. The effects of full film mulching cultivation (QP), full film mulching furrow planting (QW) and open field cultivation (CK) on the morphological and physiological characteristics, soil index, grain yield and quality of millet were studied. Furthermore, the cultivation method of full film mulching suitable for dry cultivation of millet in this area was made clear. The results are as follows: 1. The rate of emergence of millet was increased by 9.94% and 6.24% in two years compared with CK, respectively. The seedling emergence rate of two years of treatment was: QPQWCK.2. The plant height at seedling stage and jointing stage was increased significantly under the treatment of full film mulching, and the increase of plant height was the largest in QW treatment. Compared with CK, QP treatment increased Spad value by 6.22-36.74 and increased Spad value by 4.77-31.12.The highest photosynthetic rate of two treatments was 51.92% and 62.02%, respectively. Moreover, full film mulching could increase the drought resistance of millet, decrease the activity of SOD, decrease the content of MDA and free proline in leaves, alleviate the damage caused by drought, and ensure the growth and development of millet during drought. The total film mulching treatment could increase the soil moisture content of 0-40cm soil layer. In the dry seedling stage, the maximum effect of the film mulching treatment on the increase of soil water content was 56.76. Compared with CK, the soil microbial C content was increased by 7.36 ~ 67.76% in two years, and the maximum microbial biomass N content was 47.95% when compared with CK. The total film mulching increased soil water content and microbial biomass C N content in soil tillage layer, ensured that soil environment was favorable for millet growth and development, and ensured yield formation. The yield indexes such as ear number, ear length and 1000-grain weight could be significantly increased by the treatment of full film mulching. The highest increases were 16.2822.71% and 39.55%, respectively. The total film mulching treatment could increase grain yield in two years, and the effect of raising grain yield was between 111.48 and 29.96%. The whole film mulching treatment could increase the grain protein content 2.86-11.19 and the grain fat content 2.58- 13.933.Although the whole film mulching treatment increased the grain fat and protein content, the difference between the grain protein and fat content treatments was not significant. The increase and decrease of seed emergence rate, morphological and physiological index, soil index and yield index of full film mulching treatment were larger in the year of less rainfall and smaller in the year of moistening the rain. The treatment of full film mulching can significantly increase water use efficiency and increase economic benefit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S515

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