本文選題：紫色土 + 養(yǎng)殖池塘�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“養(yǎng)魚(yú)先養(yǎng)水,養(yǎng)水先養(yǎng)泥”。池塘水質(zhì)調(diào)控和管理的關(guān)鍵在于塘泥,而不同土壤形成的塘泥環(huán)境對(duì)塘泥微生物群落影響較大。本文以四川盆地三種典型紫色土(S_1,夾關(guān)組;S_2,沙溪廟組;S_3,蓬萊鎮(zhèn)組)為供試土壤,在為期5個(gè)月的“單一淹水(對(duì)照組)”和“淹水投飼養(yǎng)殖(養(yǎng)殖組)”兩種條件下,模擬研究以上不同紫色土的塘泥理化性質(zhì)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分及微生物群落的變化規(guī)律,以期為三種紫色土“宜漁性”評(píng)價(jià)提供依據(jù)和新路徑。3種土壤在對(duì)照組編號(hào)分別為S_(1-0)、S_(2-0)和S_(3-0),養(yǎng)殖組編號(hào)分別為S_(1-1)、S_(2-1)和S_(3-1)。試驗(yàn)主要研究結(jié)果如下:1. 供試土壤的背景特征S_1、S_2和S_3的pH分別為4.77、7.46和7.92,分別屬于酸性紫色土、中性紫色土和石灰性紫色土。S_1有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較低低,與S_2和S_3差異顯著(P0.05);TN(總氮)、TP(總磷)含量順序均為:S3S2S1,S_2和S_3的TN、TP含量均顯著高于S_1(P0.05)。常量養(yǎng)分(N+P+K+Ca+Mg+S)含量S3S2S1,微量養(yǎng)分(Fe+Zn+Mn+Cu+B)含量S2S1S3。2.三種土壤塘泥的理化性質(zhì)與養(yǎng)分變化(1)試驗(yàn)期間塘泥溫度在23-31℃范圍內(nèi)變化,變化趨勢(shì)大致同氣溫走勢(shì)。(2)所有處理塘泥pH除了S_(1-1)上升以外,其它塘泥pH均為少許下降,但所有塘泥pH在變化之后均保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定;養(yǎng)殖組三種塘泥pH均趨于中性,且均高于其對(duì)照組。單一淹水過(guò)程中,S_(1-0)塘泥保持氧化態(tài)不變,S_(2-0)和S_(3-0)塘泥逐漸由氧化態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檫�原態(tài);淹水投飼養(yǎng)殖條件下,S_(1-1),S_(2-1)和S_(3-1)塘泥均會(huì)很快從氧化態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檫�原態(tài)。(3)所有處理的塘泥有機(jī)質(zhì)、TN、TP含量總體呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),對(duì)照組上升趨勢(shì)均弱于養(yǎng)殖組。養(yǎng)殖組中,S_(1-1)塘泥有機(jī)質(zhì)、TN、TP含量均最低;有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為S_(2-1)S_(3-1),TP含量S_(3-1)S_(2-1);TN含量為試驗(yàn)前期S_(2-1)較高,后期S_(3-1)較高。(4)養(yǎng)殖組中,S_(3-1)塘泥有機(jī)質(zhì)、TN、TP累計(jì)沉積量均相對(duì)較低;S_(1-1)塘泥TN、TP沉積量較S_(2-1)絕大多數(shù)時(shí)期高,而S_(2-1)塘泥有機(jī)質(zhì)沉積量顯著高于S_(1-1)。3.三種土壤塘泥中的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與數(shù)量特征(1)各處理塘泥微生物密度均逐漸下降;除S_(1-0)塘泥外,其它處理組微生物群落多樣性則大多呈上升狀態(tài)。投飼養(yǎng)殖條件下,塘泥微生物密度S_(3-1)S_(2-1)S_(1-1),物種多樣性指數(shù)S_(2-1)S_(3-1)S_(1-1),物種均勻度指數(shù)差異不大,均接近1�？傮w而言,酸性紫色土S_(1-1)塘泥微生物群落多樣性較差。(2)高通量測(cè)序分析表明,三種紫色土的6個(gè)處理的塘泥(18個(gè)樣本)共檢測(cè)出微生物屬于53個(gè)門(mén)類,優(yōu)勢(shì)門(mén)類均為變形菌門(mén),占比較高的還有厚壁菌門(mén)、擬桿菌門(mén)、酸桿菌門(mén)、Elusimicrobia、綠彎菌門(mén)、疣微菌門(mén)、梭菌門(mén)、硝化螺旋菌門(mén)、放線菌門(mén)、螺旋體、Latscitacteria、纖維桿菌門(mén)等10余個(gè)門(mén)類;檢測(cè)出的微生物種數(shù)達(dá)6043種(OUT種數(shù)),其中可分類到屬的共有764種,可分類到種的共有175種,大多數(shù)為尚未定義或研究的類群。分類到屬的統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn),占各處理比例前10位的微生物類群共有38個(gè)屬,其覆蓋OUT數(shù)超過(guò)45.8%。(3)RAD分析表明,三種紫色土塘泥微生物群落的多樣性指數(shù)(Observed-Species和Shannon Index)和均勻度指數(shù)(Simpson Index和Pielou Index)與塘泥pH、有機(jī)質(zhì)、TN、TP含量呈顯著正相關(guān),與O.R.P呈負(fù)相關(guān);大多數(shù)微生物數(shù)量占比與塘泥pH、有機(jī)質(zhì)、TN、TP含量呈正相關(guān),與O.R.P呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,僅少數(shù)幾種微生物占比與pH、有機(jī)質(zhì)、TN、TP含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與O.R.P呈正相關(guān)。(4)在三種紫色土塘泥(共6個(gè)處理)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了芽孢桿菌、硝化菌和放線菌等益生菌,總體上益生菌占比S_(2-1)S_(3-1)S_(1-1);同時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃桿菌、腸桿菌、氣單胞菌、假單胞菌等有害菌,有害菌占比為S_(2-1)S_(1-1)S_(3-1)。
[Abstract]:The key to the regulation and management of water quality in the pond lies in the pond, and the pond environment formed by different soils has a great influence on the microorganism community of the pond. In this paper, three typical purple soils in Sichuan basin (S_1, Guan Guan group, S_2, Shaxi Temple group, S_3, Penglai town group) are used as the tested soil, for 5 months "Dan Yiyan" Under the two conditions of water (control group) and submergence feeding culture (aquaculture group), the physical and chemical properties, nutrients and microbial communities of different purple soils were simulated and studied in order to provide the basis for the evaluation of three kinds of purple soil "suitable for fishing" and the new path of.3 soil in the control group of S_ (1-0), S_ (2-0) and S_ (3-0) the numbers of the culture group were S_ (1-1), S_ (2-1) and S_ (3-1). The main results were as follows: 1. the background characteristics of the soil were S_1, the pH of S_2 and S_3 were 4.77,7.46 and 7.92 respectively, and the content of.S_1 organic matter in the neutral Purple Soil and the calcareous purple soil was lower, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with S_2 and S_3 (total nitrogen). The contents of total phosphorus were all: S3S2S1, S_2 and S_3 TN, TP content was significantly higher than S_1 (P0.05). The constant nutrient (N+P+K+Ca+Mg+S) content S3S2S1, micronutrient (Fe+Zn+Mn+Cu+B) content S2S1S3.2. three soil pond sludge physical and chemical properties and nutrient changes (1) during the test period of the pond temperature in the range of 23-31 degrees, the change trend is roughly the same as the temperature. (2) (2) all the treatment of pond sludge, except for S_ (1-1), decreased a little, but all the pH of the pond remained relatively stable after the change; the three pond pH of the aquaculture group tended to be neutral and higher than that of the control group. In the process of single flooding, S_ (1-0) pond kept the oxidation state, S_ (2-0) and S_ (3-0) pond gradually oxidized. S_ (1-1), S_ (2-1) and S_ (3-1) pond will quickly change from oxidizing state to reductive state. (3) the content of organic matter, TN, TP content in the pond of all treated pond increases, and the rising trend of the control group is weaker than that of the culture group. In the culture group, S_ (1-1) pond organic matter, TN, TP content are the lowest. The mass content was S_ (2-1) S_ (3-1), TP content S_ (3-1) S_ (2-1), TN content was higher in the early stage of test and higher in later stage S_ (3-1). (4) S_ (3-1) pond organic matter, TN, TP accumulative deposition was relatively low; S_ (1-1) pond sludge was higher than most period of 2-1 (2-1), whereas (2-1) pond organic matter was significantly higher than 1-1 (1-1) Microbial community structure and quantitative characteristics in the three kinds of soil pond sludge (1) the microbial density of the pond sludge decreased gradually. In addition to the S_ (1-0) pond, the microbial community diversity in other treatment groups was mostly on the rise. Under the condition of feeding and feeding, the microorganism density of pond sludge was S_ (3-1) S_ (2-1) S_ (1-1), species diversity index S_ (2-1) S_ (3-1) S_ (1-1), 1-1 (1-1)). The diversity of species evenness index was not very different. The diversity of S_ (1-1) pond microbial community in acid purple soil was poor. (2) high throughput sequencing analysis showed that 6 treatments of three purple soils (18 samples) found that microbes belonged to 53 categories, and the dominant groups were all Proteus, which had a higher thickness and thick wall. Bacteriomatosis, bacilli, acid bacilli, Elusimicrobia, phylum verruca, Clostridium, Clostridium, actinomycetes, actinomycetes, helix, Latscitacteria, bacilli, etc.; 6043 species of microbes (OUT species) were detected and 764 species were classified to a total of 175 species, most of which were classified as species. For the group that has not been defined or studied, it is found that there are 38 genera of the first 10 microbiological groups in the first 10 positions of each treatment. The number of mulching more than 45.8%. (3) RAD analysis shows that the diversity index (Observed-Species and Shannon Index) and the evenness index (Simpson Index and Pielou In) of the three purple soil pond microbial communities DEX) had a significant positive correlation with pH, organic matter, TN, TP content and negative correlation with O.R.P; most microbial biomass accounted for a positive correlation with pH, organic matter, TN, TP content and negative correlation with O.R.P. Only a few microorganism accounted for a significant negative correlation with pH, organic matter, TN, TP content. (4) in three kinds of purple soil ponds A total of probiotics, such as bacillus, nitrifying bacteria and actinomycetes, were found in 6 treatments. On the whole, probiotics accounted for S_ (2-1) S_ (3-1) S_ (1-1), and other harmful bacteria, such as Flavobacterium, enterobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and S_ (2-1) S_ (1-1) S_ (3-1), were also found.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S917.1

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