本文選題：不同年代 + 玉米�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：選用耐密品種是提高玉米單產(chǎn)水平的有效途徑之一。深松有利于改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),促進根系下扎,提高作物對水分和養(yǎng)分的吸收和利用,延緩玉米植株衰老,增加產(chǎn)量。因此,為探索我國玉米品種更替過程對種植密度增加的適應(yīng)性變化,進而探索玉米品種增密增產(chǎn)的機理,本研究選用不同年代玉米品種為試驗材料,在深松及不同種植密度條件下,分析各品種的耐密性差異,揭示不同年代玉米雜交種耐密性的演變特點及差異性生理機制。同時,采取深松增密措施,研究不同年代玉米品種耐密性對深松的響應(yīng)差異,進一步闡明耐密高產(chǎn)玉米品種對深松增密響應(yīng)的生理機制。試驗結(jié)果如下:(1)不同年代的玉米品種,隨著年代的推進,增加種植密度以及深松后穗位葉葉夾角變小,葉向值升高,單株葉面積減少,從而使增密后的群體LAI增大。且不同年代玉米品種對深松增密反應(yīng)有差異,近年代品種具有更好的耐密性。(2)不同年代的玉米品種,隨著年代的推進,不同層位葉片SPAD值和葉片光合速率均表現(xiàn)為穗位葉上位葉下位葉。深松增密后,近年代的玉米品種有效延緩了增密后下位葉和穗位葉的衰老,提高了光合速率,有利于獲得高產(chǎn)。(3)隨著年代的推進,不同年代的玉米品種,玉米單株根系干重、根長、根表面積以及根系平均直徑均呈現(xiàn)先上升后降低的單峰曲線變化趨勢,隨著年代的推進深層土壤(20-50cm)根系所占的比例明顯增加,有利于在玉米根系總量減少的情況下使水分和養(yǎng)分得到充分的吸收和利用。(4)近代玉米品種在深松增密后根系構(gòu)型優(yōu)于之前的玉米品種,近年代玉米品種根系更細(xì),對由于密度增加造成的根系干重、根長、根表面積降低的抗性增強,降幅低于其他年代玉米品種,同時深層土壤中根系干重、根長、根表面積所占比例增幅高于其他年代玉米品種。(5)不同年代的玉米品種,隨著年代的推進,玉米單產(chǎn)呈升高的趨勢,且表現(xiàn)為深松處理大于淺旋處理,高密度處理高于低密度處理,而在深松增密下,近年代的玉米品種由于具有更好的群體優(yōu)勢更易獲得高產(chǎn)。因而,近代品種采用深松增密措施更易實現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)高效栽培。
[Abstract]:The selection of dense-tolerant varieties is one of the effective ways to improve the yield level of maize. Deep pine can improve soil structure, promote root system, increase the absorption and utilization of water and nutrients, delay senescence of maize plants and increase yield. Therefore, in order to explore the adaptive change of maize variety replacement process to the increase of planting density and the mechanism of increasing density and increasing yield of maize variety in China, different maize varieties of different ages were selected as experimental materials in this study. Under the condition of deep pine and different planting density, the differences of density tolerance of different varieties were analyzed, and the evolution characteristics and different physiological mechanism of density tolerance of maize hybrids of different ages were revealed. At the same time, the responses of different maize varieties to deep pine were studied by using deep pine density enhancement measures, and the physiological mechanism of density tolerance and high yield maize varieties' response to deep pine density enhancement was further elucidated. The results were as follows: (1) with the development of the age, the planting density and the angle between the leaves of the ear position became smaller, the leaf direction value increased, and the leaf area of the single plant decreased, which increased the population Lai after thickening. The responses of maize varieties in different ages to deep density enhancement were different, and the varieties in recent years had better densification tolerance. (2) with the development of age, maize varieties of different ages had better densification tolerance. The Spad value and photosynthetic rate of leaves in different layers were upper leaves of ear position and lower leaves of upper leaves. After deep loosening and thickening, maize varieties in recent years effectively delayed senescence of lower leaf and ear leaf after densification, increased photosynthetic rate, and gained high yield. (3) with the development of age, the dry weight of single plant root system of maize varieties of different ages was improved. The root length, root surface area and root mean diameter all showed the trend of single peak curve of first rising and then decreasing, and the proportion of root system in deep soil (20-50cm) increased obviously with the advance of age. It is propitious to absorb and utilize water and nutrients fully when the total amount of maize roots decreases. (4) the root system configuration of modern maize varieties is better than that of previous maize varieties after deep loosening and thickening, and the roots of maize varieties are finer in recent years. The resistance to root dry weight, root length and root surface area decrease due to density increase is lower than that of other maize varieties, while root dry weight and root length in deep soil, The percentage of root surface area was higher than that of other maize varieties. (5) with the advance of the age, the yield of maize per unit yield increased, and the deep loosening treatment was larger than the shallow spin treatment. The high density treatment was higher than the low density treatment, but under the condition of deep density enhancement, the maize varieties in recent years were more easy to obtain high yield because of the better population advantage. Therefore, it is easier to realize high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of modern varieties by using deep loosening and densification measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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