發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-28 21:43

  本文選題：膜下滴灌 + 暗管系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《長春工程學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：吉林省西部地區(qū)是世界上三大蘇打鹽堿地分布區(qū)之一,也是我國玉米糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)。由于干旱缺水,土壤鹽堿化等問題嚴(yán)重制約了糧食作物的增產(chǎn)。目前農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水主要是引松花江和地下水,采用漫灌方式,導(dǎo)致水資源的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi)。本文依托于吉林省科技廳項(xiàng)目“吉林西部玉米膜下滴灌-排水-濕地復(fù)合系統(tǒng)脫鹽降污增產(chǎn)新技術(shù)”,于2015年5月至2016年10月在吉林省松原市前郭縣前諸爾欽村開展了大田試驗(yàn)研究。通過對(duì)田間試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析主要得出以下結(jié)論：(1)苗期到拔節(jié)前期,膜下滴灌結(jié)合暗管系統(tǒng)處理土壤含水率比普通處理高2.34%,拔節(jié)前期到灌漿前期土壤含水率高5.65%,灌漿前期到乳熟期土壤含水率高7.94%,膜下滴灌結(jié)合暗管系統(tǒng)土壤含水率相對(duì)較高,能夠?yàn)樽魑锷L提供充足的水分。(2)膜下滴灌結(jié)合暗管系統(tǒng)處理各層土壤含鹽量升降趨勢(shì)一致,0-60cm土層為脫鹽區(qū)。膜下滴灌處理表層土壤脫鹽的同時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致深層土壤發(fā)生積鹽現(xiàn)象。普通種植處理土壤在玉米生育前期表現(xiàn)為脫鹽,而在玉米生育后期表現(xiàn)為積鹽。(3)暗管系統(tǒng)影響了排出水的水質(zhì),與灌溉水相比較,暗管排出水的PH值和含鹽量均增加,暗管出水的含鹽量比灌溉水增加了40.1%,由此可見,暗管出水帶走了土壤中的部分鹽分,暗管系統(tǒng)對(duì)于該地區(qū)鹽堿地的脫鹽作用顯著。(4)對(duì)比各處理產(chǎn)量因子,膜下滴灌結(jié)合暗管系統(tǒng)百粒重為36.19g,比膜下滴灌系統(tǒng)處理重4.3%,比普通種植處理重5.6%,膜下滴灌結(jié)合暗管系統(tǒng)提高了玉米的品質(zhì)。對(duì)比各處理產(chǎn)量,膜下滴灌結(jié)合暗管系統(tǒng)處理相比于膜下滴灌處理產(chǎn)量增加了13.7%,相比于普通種植處理產(chǎn)量增加了19.5%。(5)利用HYDRUS-1D軟件對(duì)膜下滴灌結(jié)合暗管系統(tǒng)處理土壤水分進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)模擬,經(jīng)驗(yàn)證,模型能夠很好的模擬試驗(yàn)區(qū)土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征,對(duì)20cm土層的土壤水分模擬精度最高,HYDRUS-1D可以用于模擬和預(yù)測(cè)試驗(yàn)區(qū)土壤水分的動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:The western region of Jilin Province is one of the three largest saline-alkali land distribution areas in the world, and it is also the main corn grain producing area in China. Due to drought and water shortage, soil salinization and other problems have seriously restricted the yield of grain crops. At present, irrigation water is mainly used to divert Songhua River and groundwater, which results in serious waste of water resources. This paper is based on the project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department, "New technology of desalting, reducing pollution and increasing production of maize under film drip irrigation, drainage and wetland composite system", Field experiments were carried out in Qianzhuogan Village, Qianguo County, Songyuan City, Jilin Province from May 2015 to October 2016. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) from seedling stage to early jointing stage, The soil moisture content of drip irrigation combined with submerged tube system was 2.34% higher than that of common treatment, 5.65% higher than that of common treatment, 7.94% higher from early filling stage to early stage of milking, and higher than that of submembrane drip irrigation combined with dark pipe system. It can provide enough water for crop growth. (2) soil salt content rising and falling trend is the same as 0-60cm soil layer. (2) under film drip irrigation combined with dark pipe system treatment each layer of soil salt content rise and fall trend is the desalination area. The desalination of surface soil by drip irrigation under film will lead to the accumulation of salt in deep soil at the same time. The soil treated by ordinary planting showed desalination in the early stage of maize growth and salt accumulation in the later stage of maize growth. (3) the water quality of the discharged water was affected by the dark tube system. Compared with the irrigation water, the PH value and the salt content of the water discharged from the dark tube increased. The salt content of the effluent is 40.1 higher than that of the irrigation water. It can be seen that the effluent from the dark pipe takes away some of the salt in the soil, and the dark pipe system has a significant effect on the desalination of saline-alkali land in this area. (4) the yield factors of each treatment are compared. The 100-grain weight of the system was 36.19g, 4.3g than that of the drip irrigation system, and 5.6g more than that of the common planting system. The quality of maize was improved by the system of drip irrigation under the film combined with the dark tube system. Comparing the yield of each treatment, Compared with under film drip irrigation and submerged tube system, the yield of drip irrigation under film increased by 13.7and 19.5b than that of conventional planting. (5) dynamic simulation of soil moisture treatment by HYDRUS-1D software was carried out, and it was verified that the soil moisture was treated by HYDRUS-1D software. The model can well simulate the dynamic characteristics of soil moisture in the experimental area, and the simulation accuracy of soil moisture in 20cm soil layer is the highest. HYDRUS-1D can be used to simulate and predict the dynamic change of soil moisture in the experimental area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長春工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S513;S275.6

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