本文選題：杉木 + 半同胞家系��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)為我國特有速生樹種,也是我國南方最重要的用材造林樹種之一。但隨著杉木人工林栽培面積不斷增大及多代連栽現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),杉木生長的南方林地因有效磷匱乏而嚴(yán)重制約了杉木人工林長期生產(chǎn)力的維持。由于不同植物或同種植物不同基因型對養(yǎng)分脅迫逆境的適應(yīng)能力存在較大差異。近年來,有研究表明不同杉木無性系的磷素吸收和利用效率存在明顯差異。磷高效利用杉木無性系可通過增強光合效率、提高葉片和根際酸性磷酸酶活性、增加根系分泌有機酸的種類及數(shù)量等生理指標(biāo)的改變,以調(diào)整根系表型、根構(gòu)型等形態(tài)特征指標(biāo)對低磷脅迫逆境作出響應(yīng)。然而,植物根系在低磷環(huán)境下大量增生會增加體內(nèi)有限磷營養(yǎng)的消耗。根據(jù)Lynch提出有關(guān)根系覓養(yǎng)行為的“成本-收益”理論,當(dāng)植物體內(nèi)磷資源不足以滿足根系大范圍拓展的養(yǎng)分需求時,根系生長明顯受阻,這意味著植物通過根系從土壤中捕獲養(yǎng)分的機會大大減少。那么,植物在低磷脅迫環(huán)境中如何平衡有限磷養(yǎng)分的吸收與消耗,以維持正常的生長狀態(tài)?有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)低磷脅迫可誘導(dǎo)一些植物根系皮層細(xì)胞溶解形成空腔,這些空腔迅速被空氣占據(jù)成為通氣組織,一方面減少脅迫環(huán)境中根部老組織的呼吸消耗,緩解老幼組織對同化物的競爭,對保證幼嫩組織的正常生長有一定作用；另一方面,皮層溶解析出的磷營養(yǎng)等化合物被運往植物其它部位,用以滿足植物對磷等化合物的需求,這種養(yǎng)分的循環(huán)高效利用有利于植物的生長發(fā)育。鑒于上述前人的研究經(jīng)驗,本研究認(rèn)為低磷環(huán)境中不同杉木無性系在一系列生理指標(biāo)的調(diào)控下,之所以有些無性系通過根系大量增生,提高覓磷機會以適應(yīng)低磷環(huán)境,而有些無性系根系增生不明顯,但通過加速體內(nèi)磷素循環(huán)仍能維持較高生產(chǎn)力,這可能與根系皮層組織溶解程度及釋放磷含量的不同有關(guān)。為驗證這一假設(shè),本文以導(dǎo)師課題組遴選出低磷脅迫下根構(gòu)型差異較大的13個半同胞杉木家系幼苗作為研究對象,通過室內(nèi)模擬磷脅迫環(huán)境,觀測不同磷處理條件下杉木根尖、根端皮層組織溶解變化規(guī)律,同時測定不同供磷水平處理前后杉木的苗高、地徑、根系生長等情況,比較不同磷處理條件下杉木各器官生物量的積累與分配,研究低磷脅迫環(huán)境下杉木根、莖、葉的磷含量、磷素累積量以及全株磷利用效率的變化規(guī)律,分析了磷脅迫環(huán)境條件下根系皮層組織溶解度與上述指標(biāo)變化的相關(guān)性,闡明低磷環(huán)境中杉木磷利用效率與根系皮層組織磷溶解之間的關(guān)系,為深入探討磷高效利用杉木基因型對低磷脅迫內(nèi)在響應(yīng)機制提供理論依據(jù),為篩選優(yōu)產(chǎn)、速生杉木基因型的研究提供形態(tài)解剖及生理學(xué)理論與實踐依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)不同供磷水平處理對參試杉木家系根系皮層溶解形成通氣組織的影響存在明顯差異。正常供磷條件下,所有杉木家系根尖、根端皮層組織細(xì)胞均生長正常,無溶解現(xiàn)象；在中度磷脅迫條件下,僅32號家系根尖皮層組織出現(xiàn)少量的溶解現(xiàn)象,而根端皮層組織除20號、25號、40號、41號杉木家系尚未出現(xiàn)溶解現(xiàn)象外,其余參試苗木的根端皮層組織均出現(xiàn)不同程度的溶解現(xiàn)象；在重度磷脅迫條件下,15號、20號、25號、38號、41號家系根系未出現(xiàn)通氣組織,其余家系的溶解度從大到小依次為28號、30號、27號、40號、4號、23號、32號和36號,根端皮層組織除41號家系根端皮層組織未出現(xiàn)溶解,其余家系均有溶解現(xiàn)象。相比于正常供磷和中度磷脅迫,重度磷脅迫條件下根端皮層組織溶解面積更大,皮層溶解度從大到小表現(xiàn)為4號、32號、36號、15號、30號、28號、40號、23號、27號、25號、20號和38號家系。(2)低磷脅迫下杉木根系皮層形成通氣組織與苗高、地徑、根系生長的相關(guān)性顯著。不同磷處理條件下所有參試杉木家系苗高、地徑的平均增量大小為：正常供磷中度磷脅迫重度磷脅迫。對杉木根系生長來說,20號、25號、38號、40號、41號家系隨著磷脅迫程度加劇,根系形態(tài)指標(biāo)的生長量逐漸增加；相反的,4號、32號、36號家系總體上表現(xiàn)為隨著磷脅迫程度的加重,根系生長量逐漸減少。從皮層溶解度與杉木的苗高、地徑、根系生長的相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著磷脅迫程度的加重,根端皮層組織溶解度與苗高呈正相關(guān)性,并且相關(guān)性也逐漸顯著,這與地徑和皮層溶解度的相關(guān)性相反；而根系體積、總根長、根表面積、根平均直徑在磷脅迫環(huán)境下與根系皮層組織溶解度呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,并且隨著脅迫程度的加深,這種負(fù)相關(guān)性也逐漸顯著。(3)低磷脅迫下杉木根系皮層形成通氣組織與各器官生物量積累分配的關(guān)系明顯。隨著磷脅迫程度的加重,20號、25號、38號、40號、41號杉木家系的莖、葉生物量均呈遞減趨勢,而根生物量和根冠比則逐漸增大；其它家系莖、葉的生物量隨磷脅迫程度加劇而逐漸增加,根生物量和根冠比卻變小。從皮層溶解度與其相關(guān)性分析表明：脅迫環(huán)境下根系皮層組織溶解度與根冠比呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,同時,莖和葉生物量與根系皮層組織溶解度相關(guān)性系數(shù)逐漸增大。隨著脅迫程度的加重,根尖和根端皮層組織溶解度與莖、葉生物量的相關(guān)性系數(shù)也逐漸增大,而根生物量與根系皮層組織溶解度呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。(4)低磷脅迫下杉木根系皮層形成通氣組織與各器官的磷含量、磷素累積量及全株磷利用效率均有明顯的相關(guān)性。在不同磷處理條件下,所有參試杉木家系根、莖、葉的平均磷素含量以及平均磷素積累量均表現(xiàn)為正常供磷中度供磷重度供磷。從根系皮層組織溶解度與其相關(guān)性來看,脅迫條件下根系皮層組織溶解度與根磷含量及根磷素積累量均呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。隨著脅迫程度的加重,磷利用效率雖然與根系皮層組織溶解度相關(guān)性不明顯,但隨著皮層組織溶解度的加大,兩者的相關(guān)性逐漸增大。(5)綜上所述,低磷環(huán)境中杉木根系皮層組織發(fā)生溶解的家系與其磷利用效率具明顯相關(guān)性。如皮層組織溶解明顯的4號家系,隨著磷脅迫程度的加重,其根系生長量逐漸減少,根的生物量、磷含量、磷素積累量雖然同樣存在這樣的規(guī)律,但地上部分莖、葉的生物量、磷含量、磷素累積量則隨著脅迫程度加劇而逐漸增加,苗高、地徑、磷利用效率也表現(xiàn)出相同的規(guī)律。對于皮層組織溶解不明顯的41號家系,盡管皮層組織細(xì)胞未出現(xiàn)溶解,但在磷脅迫條件下,隨著脅迫程度的加重,其根系增生明顯,且維持了較高的磷利用效率�？梢姴煌寄炯蚁祵Φ土酌{迫的適應(yīng)性策略差異較大,但均以能夠維持植株的正常生長為目的。
[Abstract]:Cunninghamia lanceolata (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a special fast-growing tree species in China and also one of the most important timber forestation species in the south of China. However, with the increasing cultivation area of Chinese fir plantation and the emergence of multi generation continuous planting phenomenon, the long-term productivity of Chinese fir plantation is severely restricted by the lack of effective phosphorus in the South forestland grown by Chinese fir. In recent years, there have been obvious differences in the phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency of different Cunninghamia lanceolata clones. The high efficiency of Chinese fir clones can increase the activity of acid phosphatase in leaf and Rhizosphere by increasing photosynthetic efficiency and increasing the activity of acid phosphatase in the leaves and rhizosphere. The changes in physiological indexes such as the variety and quantity of organic acids in the root system can be used to adjust the morphological characteristics of root system and root configuration to respond to low phosphorus stress. However, the large proliferation of plant roots in low phosphorus environment will increase the consumption of limited phosphorus nutrition in the body. According to Lynch, the "cost - harvest" of root foraging behavior is put forward. When the phosphorus resources in the plant are not sufficient to meet the nutrient needs of the roots, the growth of the roots is significantly hindered, which means that the opportunity for plants to capture nutrients through the roots is greatly reduced. Long state? Some scholars have found that low phosphorus stress can induce some plant root cortex cells to dissolve and form cavity, and these cavities are rapidly occupied by air into aeration tissue. On the one hand, it reduces the respiratory consumption of old tissues in the root of stress environment, alleviates the competition of the old and young tissues to assimilates, and has a certain effect on the normal growth of young young tissues. On the other hand, the phosphorus nutrients and other compounds dissolved in the cortex are transported to the other parts of the plant to meet the plant's demand for phosphorus and other compounds. The cycling and efficient utilization of this nutrient is beneficial to the growth and development of plants. In view of the previous experience of the previous studies, this study suggests that the different Chinese fir clones in the low phosphorus environment are in a series of physiology. Under the control of the index, some clones increase the opportunity for phosphorus seeking to adapt to the low phosphorus environment through the proliferation of root systems, and some clones have no obvious growth in the root system, but they can still maintain high productivity by accelerating the phosphorus cycle in the body. This may be related to the difference in the degree of dissolution of the cortex and the release of phosphorus in the root system. On the assumption that 13.5 Chinese fir families with relatively large root configuration differences under low phosphorus stress were selected as the research object by the tutor topic group. Through indoor simulated phosphorus stress environment, the changes of the root tip of Chinese fir root and root end cortex in different phosphorus treatment conditions were observed, and Chinese fir was measured before and after different phosphorus supply levels. The accumulation and distribution of the biomass of various organs of Chinese fir under different phosphorus treatment conditions were compared with the conditions of seedling height, ground diameter and root growth. The changes of phosphorus content, phosphorus accumulation and total phosphorus utilization efficiency under the environment of low phosphorus stress were studied. The solubility of the root cortex tissue and the above indexes under the condition of phosphorus coercion were analyzed. The relationship between the phosphorus utilization efficiency of Chinese fir in the low phosphorus environment and the relationship between the phosphorus dissolution of the cortex tissue in the root system, which provides the theoretical basis for the internal response mechanism of low phosphorus stress in the efficient use of Chinese fir genotypes, provides the theory and practice of morphological and physiological theory and Practice for screening the best yield and fast-growing Chinese fir genotypes. The main results are as follows: (1) there is a significant difference in the effect of different phosphorus supply levels on the aeration tissue of the root cortex of Chinese fir families. Under normal phosphorus supply, the root tip of the root tip of all Chinese fir families grows normal and does not dissolve. Under moderate phosphorus stress, only the root tip skin of No. 32 family is root. There was a small amount of dissolution in the layer tissue, and the root end cortex tissues of the root end cortex were not dissolved, except for No. 20, No. 25, No. 40 and No. 41, and the root end cortex tissues of the rest of the seedlings were dissolving in varying degrees. Under the condition of severe phosphorus stress, the root system of No. 15, 20, 25, 38 and 41 had no aeration. The solubility of the family was 28, No. 30, No. 27, No. 40, No. 40, No. 4, 23, 32 and 36. The root end cortical tissue of the root end was not dissolved, and the other families had dissolving. Compared to normal phosphorus supply and moderate phosphorus stress, the root end cortex tissue dissolved in larger area and cortical dissolution under severe phosphorus coercion. Grade 4, No. 32, No. 36, No. 15, No. 15, No. 30, 28, No. 40, 23, 27, 25, 20 and 38. (2) the correlation between the formation of aeration tissue in the cortex of Chinese fir root system under low phosphorus stress and the height of seedling, ground diameter and root growth was significant. The average increment size of all the Chinese fir families under different phosphorus treatments was normal. The average increment size of the ground diameter was normal. For the growth of root growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata, 20, No. 25, No. 38, No. 40 and 41 increased with the degree of phosphorus stress, and the growth of root morphological indexes increased gradually. On the contrary, the number of families of 4, 32 and 36 gradually decreased with the degree of phosphorus coercion, and the growth of root system decreased gradually. From cortex dissolving. The correlation analysis of the height, ground diameter and root growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata showed that with the increase of the degree of phosphorus stress, the solubility of the root cortex was positively correlated with the height of the seedlings, and the correlation was gradually significant, which was opposite to the correlation between the ground diameter and the cortical solubility, and the root volume, the total root length, the root surface area and the root mean diameter were in the phosphorus stress. There was a negative correlation with the cortical tissue solubility in the environment, and the negative correlation was also significant with the deepening of stress. (3) the relationship between the aeration tissue of the root cortex formation and the biomass accumulation and distribution of various organs under low phosphorus stress was obvious. With the increase of phosphorus stress, No. 20, No. 25, No. 38, No. 40, 41 Cunninghamia lanceolata The biomass of the stems and leaves of the lines all decreased, but the root biomass and the root cap ratio increased gradually. The biomass of the stems and leaves of other families increased with the degree of phosphorus stress, and the root biomass and the root cap ratio became smaller. The analysis of the cortical solubility and the correlation between the root and the roots showed that the solubility of the root cortex and the root crown ratio were negative under the stress environment. At the same time, the correlation coefficient of stem and leaf biomass and root cortical tissue solubility increased gradually. With the aggravation of stress, the correlation coefficient of the tissue solubility of root tip and root end cortex and stem and leaf biomass also increased gradually, and the root biomass was negatively correlated with the solubility of root cortex tissue. (4) low phosphorus stress under the low phosphorus stress. The average phosphorus content and the average phosphorus accumulation of all the Chinese fir roots, stems and leaves and the average phosphorus accumulation in all the Chinese fir families were normal phosphorus supply phosphorus. There was a negative correlation between the solubility of the tissue and the content of root phosphorus and the accumulation of root phosphorus under stress conditions. With the aggravation of the stress, the correlation between the efficiency of phosphorus utilization and the solubility of the cortex tissue was not obvious, but the correlation gradually increased with the increase of the solubility of the skin tissue. To sum up. (5) to sum up, the family line of dissolving of the cortex of Chinese fir root in the low phosphorus environment has obvious correlation with the utilization efficiency of phosphorus. For example, the root growth of the No. 4 family, which is obviously dissolved in the cortical tissue, gradually decreases with the increase of phosphorus stress, and the root biomass, phosphorus content and phosphorus accumulation have the same rules. Law, but the biomass, phosphorus content and phosphorus accumulation of the parts of the ground increased with the intensification of the stress degree. The height, the ground diameter and the utilization efficiency of phosphorus also showed the same rule. For the No. 41 family, which did not dissolve obviously in the cortex, the cortical tissue cells did not dissolve, but under the condition of phosphorus stress, with the stress degree. It is obvious that the root growth of the root system is obvious and the phosphorus utilization efficiency is high. It can be seen that the adaptation strategies of different Chinese fir families to low phosphorus stress are different, but all of them can maintain the normal growth of the plant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S791.27

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8 郭朸W，

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