本文選題：藜麥 + 葉斑病　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：藜麥(Chenopodium quinoa willd)屬藜科,一年生雙子葉植物,其營養(yǎng)豐富,是醫(yī)療保健價值較高的一年生糧飼兼用作物。本研究對內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)藜麥主要產(chǎn)區(qū)的病害進(jìn)行普查,發(fā)現(xiàn)藜麥葉斑病發(fā)生普遍,為害較為嚴(yán)重,影響藜麥的生長發(fā)育,給藜麥生產(chǎn)造成較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。本文對藜麥葉斑病的發(fā)生及防治進(jìn)行了初步探討。得出以下結(jié)論:從內(nèi)蒙古涼城縣藜麥產(chǎn)區(qū)采集典型癥狀的藜麥發(fā)病葉片樣品,分離得到3株致病菌,經(jīng)過形態(tài)學(xué)觀察和分子鑒定,均為鏈孢屬(Alternaria),但是歸屬于不同的種。對致病性強(qiáng)菌株LC-4進(jìn)行了生物學(xué)特性測定,該菌株在10 ℃～35 ℃內(nèi)均可以生長,最適溫度為25 ℃左右,在30℃的條件下孢子萌發(fā)量最大。在pH 3-10均可生長,其中最適為pH 7,隨著酸堿性的增強(qiáng),菌落直徑都有減小的趨勢。菌株LC-4均可利用供試的單糖、雙糖和多糖,其中最適宜碳源為麥芽糖,最適宜氮源為牛肉膏。采用菌絲抑制法進(jìn)行室內(nèi)生防菌和化學(xué)藥劑的篩選,確定該病的有效防治藥劑。最適宜的化學(xué)藥劑為10%苯醚甲環(huán)唑,從種子內(nèi)部和土壤中分離出的40株菌中,經(jīng)鑒定有防治效果的菌具體有4種,分別為K1、K2、K4、K8。不同播期、株距、品種對藜麥葉斑病都有一定影響,隨著播種時期的推后,植株的發(fā)病率也在增加。不同的株距可以對病害造成一定影響,當(dāng)株距在26.7時發(fā)病率較小;沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)高抗和免疫品種。
[Abstract]:Chenopodium quinoa willd), an annual dicotyledonous plant, is an annual food and forage crop with high medical and health value. In this study, the main diseases of quinoa in Inner Mongolia region were surveyed, and it was found that the leaf spot of quinoa was common, and the damage was serious, which affected the growth and development of quinoa and caused a great economic loss to the production of quinoa. The occurrence and control of Chenopodium leaf spot were discussed in this paper. The following conclusions were drawn: three pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the typical symptoms of Chenopodium in Liangcheng of Inner Mongolia. All of them were (Alternaria), of Alternaria but belonged to different species after morphological observation and molecular identification. The biological characteristics of strain LC-4 with strong pathogenicity were determined. The strain could grow at 10 鈩，

本文編號：2073860