本文選題：重慶 + 紫色土��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著土壤科學(xué)的發(fā)展,土壤分類(lèi)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)是定量化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化的土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi),因此,全面開(kāi)展全國(guó)及區(qū)域土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)研究,有助于推動(dòng)土壤科學(xué)與生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用相結(jié)合。目前,我國(guó)已在諸多省份如福建、湖北、湖南、浙江等區(qū)域開(kāi)展了土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)研究,而重慶市的土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)工作才剛剛起步。為全面了解重慶市紫色土的系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)類(lèi)型及分布,建立完整的土系類(lèi)別,本文選取重慶市42個(gè)紫色土典型個(gè)體為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)野外調(diào)查和采樣分析等方法,獲取重慶市紫色土典型個(gè)體的成土條件、剖面形態(tài)特征和分層理化性質(zhì)等相關(guān)信息,參照中國(guó)土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)的原則和方法,明確重慶市紫色土典型個(gè)體的診斷層及診斷特性,劃定其系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)歸屬,擬定紫色土發(fā)生分類(lèi)和系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)之間的參比。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)氣候、植被、地形、母質(zhì)等方面的差異對(duì)土壤的剖面形態(tài)和理化性質(zhì)影響較大。紫色土的粉粒和砂粒所占比例較大,土壤礫石含量高,物理風(fēng)化作用較強(qiáng),但化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用微弱。紫色土色調(diào)為10RP~2.5Y,干態(tài)和潤(rùn)態(tài)色調(diào)幾乎沒(méi)有變化,潤(rùn)態(tài)明度和干態(tài)明度相比,幾乎都減小1,各層次間彩度變化較小,紫色土在發(fā)生發(fā)育過(guò)程中脫硅富鋁化作用不強(qiáng)。(2)依據(jù)《中國(guó)土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)檢索(第三版)》,研究區(qū)共鑒定出1個(gè)診斷表層:淡薄表層;3個(gè)診斷表下層:雛形層、黏化層和舌狀層;1個(gè)診斷現(xiàn)象:鋁質(zhì)現(xiàn)象;8個(gè)診斷特性:土壤溫度狀況、土壤水分狀況、準(zhǔn)石質(zhì)接觸面、石灰性、人為擾動(dòng)層次、氧化還原特征、鐵質(zhì)特性和巖性特征。(3)根據(jù)《中國(guó)土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)檢索(第三版)》,重慶市紫色土共劃分出3個(gè)土綱,分別為雛形土、淋溶土和新成土;5個(gè)亞綱,分別為常濕雛形土、濕潤(rùn)雛形土、濕潤(rùn)淋溶土、人為新成土和正常新成土;10個(gè)土類(lèi)和17個(gè)亞類(lèi)。(4)參照《中國(guó)土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)土族和土系劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,結(jié)合重慶市紫色土調(diào)查的實(shí)際情況,選擇土壤顆粒大小級(jí)別、礦物學(xué)類(lèi)型、酸堿性、土壤溫度類(lèi)別作為土族劃分的依據(jù),并選取土層深度和厚度、表層土壤質(zhì)地、土壤中巖石碎屑、結(jié)核、浸入體、表土有機(jī)質(zhì)、物質(zhì)來(lái)源、土體顏色等作為土系劃分的依據(jù),共劃分出36個(gè)土族和42個(gè)土系。(5)將重慶市紫色土發(fā)生分類(lèi)土屬與系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)亞類(lèi)進(jìn)行參比,7個(gè)土壤發(fā)生分類(lèi)土屬級(jí)別單元對(duì)應(yīng)17個(gè)土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)亞類(lèi)級(jí)別單元,可以看出,在土壤發(fā)生分類(lèi)與土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)之間,土壤類(lèi)型并非呈現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單、單一的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,土壤系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)中同一亞類(lèi)也可對(duì)應(yīng)土壤發(fā)生分類(lèi)中不同土屬。兩者之間的參比只是近似的參比,不能簡(jiǎn)單一一對(duì)應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:With the development of soil science, the trend of soil classification development is quantifying, standardizing and standardizing the classification of soil systems. Therefore, the comprehensive development of national and regional classification of soil systems helps to promote the combination of soil science and production applications. At present, China has carried out in many provinces such as Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang and other regions. The classification of soil system in Chongqing has just started. In order to fully understand the classification and distribution of the systematic classification and distribution of purple soil in Chongqing and establish a complete soil category, this paper selects 42 typical individuals of purple soil in Chongqing as the research object, and obtains the purple of Chongqing city by field investigation and sampling analysis. According to the principles and methods of the classification of soil systems in China, the diagnostic and diagnostic characteristics of typical individuals in Chongqing are defined, and the classification and classification of the purple soil are defined and the reference ratio between the classification of purple soil and the classification of the systematic classification is drawn up. The results are as follows: (1) the differences in climate, vegetation, terrain and parent material have great influence on the profile and physicochemical properties of soil. The proportion of the particles and sand particles in the purple soil is larger, the soil gravel content is high, the physical weathering effect is stronger, but the chemical weathering is weak. The color of purple soil is 10RP~2.5Y, the dry state and the moist hue are almost not. The change, the brightness and the brightness of the dry state, almost all decreased by 1, the color degree of each level changed little, and the effect of desilication and aluminizing in the process of purple soil was not strong. (2) according to the classification of Chinese soil system (Third Edition), the study area identified 1 diagnostic surface layers: thin surface layer and 3 diagnostic subsurface layer: embryonic layer, sticky layer and tongue Form layer; 1 diagnostic phenomena: Aluminum phenomenon; 8 diagnostic characteristics: soil temperature, soil moisture status, paramilous contact surface, calcareous, human disturbance levels, redox characteristics, iron properties and lithology characteristics. (3) according to the Chinese soil system classification retrieval (Third Edition), Chongqing purple soil is divided into 3 Soil classes, respectively. The 5 subclasses, namely, the leaching soil and the new soil; the 5 subclasses are the normal humid rudiment soil, the humid rudiment soil, the humid leach soil, the artificial new soil and the normal new soil, 10 soil classes and 17 subtypes. (4) refer to the classification standard of the soil and soil system of China soil system classification, and choose the soil particle size grade and mineral in combination with the actual situation of the purple soil investigation in Chongqing. Type, acid-base, soil temperature category as the basis for the division of the soil, and select the depth and thickness of soil layer, surface soil texture, rock debris, tuberculosis, immersion, soil organic matter, material source, soil color and so on as the basis of the soil division, divided 36 Tu and 42 soil systems. (5) Chongqing purple soil occurs The classification of soil genera and system classification subcategory is compared with that of 7 soil classification units corresponding to 17 sub class units of soil classification. It can be seen that between soil classification and soil classification, soil types are not simple, single corresponding, and the same subclass in soil system classification can also correspond to soil. The classification of soil is different. The reference between the two is only approximate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S155.25

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