本文選題：蘆葦 + 造紙廢水�。� 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前造紙行業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,排放的廢水里面的污染物量大、濃度高、成分復(fù)雜,對周邊的環(huán)境有較大的污染。遼河口的濕地位于遼河入海口的末端,流經(jīng)濕地的河流沿途有較多的大規(guī)模的造紙廠,造紙廢水常年流入濕地,對濕地蘆葦生長的好壞造成了直接的不可避免的影響。然而蘆葦是較好的造紙材料,有較高的經(jīng)濟價值,蘆葦莖稈含有大量的纖維,其纖維的含量及纖維的形態(tài)則直接影響到紙質(zhì)的緊度、透明度、結(jié)構(gòu)等,最后影響到造紙的價值。同時蘆葦也是濕地植物,有著良好的水質(zhì)凈化的功能。所以本研究通過構(gòu)建小試裝置來模擬遼河口濕地,以遼河口濕地內(nèi)造紙廠排出的造紙廢水進行灌溉,研究造紙廢水灌溉對蘆葦生長及纖維的影響,采用主成分分析及逐步回歸分析方法,綜合評價造紙廢水的灌溉方式,篩選出最佳灌溉化學(xué)需氧量濃度、灌溉時期及尋找到影響蘆葦纖維的主要自身因素,初步探討了造紙廢水對蘆葦纖維的作用效果,為完善蘆葦纖維理論及提高蘆葦?shù)漠a(chǎn)業(yè)方面提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)造紙廢水灌溉后總體上使蘆葦株高、莖粗、節(jié)間長度及節(jié)間數(shù)增加,同一灌溉時期蘆葦株高、莖粗、節(jié)間長度及節(jié)間數(shù)均隨著廢水濃度的增加而增加,在300mg/L廢水灌溉下達到最大值,清水對照組最小,且清水對照組的均顯著小于廢水灌溉組(P0.05);蘆葦株高、莖粗、節(jié)間長度及節(jié)間數(shù)均在快速生長期灌溉300mg/L的造紙廢水最佳,株高最大值可達240.24cm,莖粗最大值達0.485cm,節(jié)間長度最大值達24.1cm,節(jié)間數(shù)最大值達16節(jié)。造紙廢水中化學(xué)需氧量濃度與蘆葦株高、莖粗、節(jié)間長度、節(jié)間數(shù)間均存在顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)均在0.80以上,廢水濃度與蘆葦株高、莖粗呈現(xiàn)二項式關(guān)系,與節(jié)間長度、節(jié)間數(shù)呈現(xiàn)對數(shù)關(guān)系。(2)造紙廢水灌溉后總體上使蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量變大,同一灌溉時期蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量均隨著廢水濃度的增加而增加,在300mg/L廢水灌溉下蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、可溶性糖含量達到最大值,清水對照組最小,且清水對照組的均顯著小于廢水灌溉組(P0.05);蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量在快速生長期灌溉300mg/L的造紙廢水時最佳,過氧化物酶活性達到最大值155.2 U/(g FW·min),苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性達到最大值0.566,可溶性糖含量達到最大值是0.326。廢水濃度對蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、可溶性糖含量影響的方差結(jié)果P值均小于0.05,說明灌溉不同濃度的廢水后,蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量差異顯著,廢水灌溉會使蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量發(fā)生顯著變化,快速生長期灌溉廢水有助于提高蘆葦過氧化物酶活性和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,增加可溶性糖含量。造紙廢水中化學(xué)需氧量濃度與蘆葦過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、可溶性糖含量間均存在顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)均在0.90以上,廢水濃度與蘆葦可溶性糖含量呈現(xiàn)對數(shù)關(guān)系,與過氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性呈現(xiàn)一元線性相關(guān)關(guān)系。(3)造紙廢水灌溉后總體上使蘆葦植株內(nèi)纖維素、木質(zhì)素及灰分含量增加,同一灌溉時期蘆葦纖維素、木質(zhì)素及灰分含量隨著廢水濃度的增加而增加,在300mg/L廢水灌溉下達到最大值,清水對照組最小,且清水對照組的均顯著小于廢水灌溉組(P0.05);蘆葦纖維素及木質(zhì)素在快速生長期灌溉300mg/L的造紙廢水含量最佳,纖維素含量達到最大值為45.41%,木質(zhì)素最大值為25.54%,灰分在成熟期灌溉300mg/L的造紙廢水含量最佳,灰分含量達到最大值為3.55%。造紙廢水中化學(xué)需氧量濃度與蘆葦纖維素、木質(zhì)素、灰分等纖維特征指標間均存在顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,且相關(guān)系數(shù)均在0.85以上。廢水中的化學(xué)需氧量與蘆葦纖維素、木質(zhì)素濃度呈現(xiàn)二項式關(guān)系,與灰分、纖維長度、纖維長寬比呈現(xiàn)對數(shù)關(guān)系,與纖維寬度呈現(xiàn)一元線性相關(guān)關(guān)系。說明灌溉造紙廢水后,增加了蘆葦纖維中各成分的含量。(4)造紙廢水灌溉后總體上使蘆葦纖維長度、纖維寬度及纖維長寬比變大,同一灌溉時期蘆葦纖維長度、纖維寬度及纖維長寬比均隨著廢水濃度的增加而增加,在300mg/L廢水灌溉下纖維長度、寬度、長寬比達到最大值,清水對照組最小,且清水對照組的均顯著小于廢水灌溉組(P0.05);蘆葦纖維長度、纖維寬度及纖維長寬比均在快速生長期灌溉300mg/L的造紙廢水最佳,纖維長度達到最大值為1.49mm,纖維寬度為10.35um,纖維長寬比為143.96。廢水濃度對蘆葦纖維長度、寬度、長寬比影響的方差結(jié)果P值均小于0.05,說明灌溉不同濃度的廢水后,蘆葦纖維的長度、寬度及長寬比差異顯著,廢水灌溉會引起蘆葦纖維長度、寬度及纖維長寬比發(fā)生顯著變化,快速生長期灌溉廢水有助于蘆葦纖維伸長與擴寬。造紙廢水中化學(xué)需氧量濃度與蘆葦纖維長、寬、長寬比間均存在顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,且相關(guān)系數(shù)均在0.90以上,廢水濃度與纖維長度、纖維長寬比呈現(xiàn)對數(shù)關(guān)系,與纖維寬度呈現(xiàn)一元線性相關(guān)關(guān)系。(5)蘆葦纖維特性指標,如蘆葦纖維素、木質(zhì)素、灰分、纖維長度、纖維寬度、纖維長寬比,與蘆葦生長生理指標中的株高呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),而木質(zhì)素、灰分、纖維長度、纖維寬度與蘆葦莖粗、節(jié)間長度、節(jié)間數(shù)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量間的相關(guān)性不顯著,同時蘆葦木質(zhì)素、纖維寬度與蘆葦過氧化物酶活性的相關(guān)性不顯著。蘆葦纖維特性指標纖維素、纖維長寬比與蘆葦生長生理指標莖粗、節(jié)間長度、節(jié)間數(shù)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、可溶性糖含量呈顯著或極顯著的正相關(guān)。蘆葦纖維特性指標灰分、纖維長度與蘆葦生長生理指標中的過氧化物酶活性間呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。為了進一步明確影響蘆葦纖維素、木質(zhì)素、灰分、纖維長度、纖維寬度的自身影響因素,對其分別與各因素之間進行逐步回歸分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)株高、過氧化物酶活性是影響蘆葦纖維素、木質(zhì)素、灰分等的主要因素(P0.05)。(6)經(jīng)主成分分析后,明確了蘆葦纖維特征及蘆葦生長生理的最佳灌溉時期與灌溉廢水濃度是在快速生長期灌溉化學(xué)需氧量為300mg/L的造紙廢水(C1C),對照組是16種灌溉方式下得分最低的,說明沒有經(jīng)過造紙廢水灌溉的蘆葦纖維的成分、形態(tài)、自身的影響因素均未達到理想的效果。
[Abstract]:At present, the papermaking industry is developing rapidly. The pollutants in the effluent are large, high in concentration, complex in composition, and have great pollution to the surrounding environment. The wetland in the Liaohe River estuary is located at the end of the Liaohe River entrance, and there are many large scale paper mills along the river along the river, and the papermaking wastewater flows into the wetland in a year and the growth of the wetland reeds is good. The reed is a good papermaking material. However, the reed is a good papermaking material with high economic value. The reed stem contains a large amount of fiber. The fiber content and fiber form directly affect the paper tightness, transparency, structure and so on. Finally, it affects the value of paper making. At the same time, reed is also a wetland plant. This study simulates the Liaohe estuary wetland by constructing a small test device, and irrigates the papermaking wastewater discharged from the paper mill in the liaohekou wetland, and studies the effect of paper mill wastewater irrigation on the growth of reed and the fiber, and uses the principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the irrigation wastewater irrigation. Methods, the optimum irrigation chemical oxygen demand concentration, the irrigation period and the main factors affecting the reed fiber were selected. The effect of papermaking wastewater on reed fiber was preliminarily discussed, and the scientific basis for improving the theory of reed fiber and the improvement of reed industry were provided. The main results are as follows: (1) irrigation and paper wastewater irrigation Reed plant height, stem diameter, internode length and internode number increased in general. The height of reed plant, stem diameter, internode length and number of internodes increased with the increase of wastewater concentration in the same irrigation period, and reached the maximum value under 300mg/L wastewater irrigation, and the control group of clear water was significantly smaller than that of wastewater irrigation group (P0.05); reed plant was significantly less than that of reed control group. High, stem diameter, internode length and internode number were the best for the paper making wastewater of 300mg/L irrigation in rapid growth period. The maximum value of plant height could reach 240.24cm, the maximum value of stem diameter reached 0.485cm, the maximum value of internode length reached 24.1cm, the maximum value of internode number reached 16. The concentration of chemical oxygen demand in paper making wastewater was high with reed plant, stem diameter, internode length and internode number. Significant or very significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient was above 0.80, the concentration of wastewater and reed plant were high, the stem coarse showed a binomial relation, and the length of internode was logarithmic relationship with the internode length. (2) after irrigation, the activity of reed peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and the soluble sugar content were greatly increased, and the same irrigation was used in the same irrigation. The activity of peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and the content of soluble sugar increased with the increase of the concentration of wastewater. The activity of reed peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, the soluble sugar content reached the maximum value under the irrigation of 300mg/L wastewater, and the water treatment group was the least, and the water control group was significantly smaller than the wastewater. Irrigated group (P0.05), reed peroxidase activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content were the best when the paper wastewater was irrigated by 300mg/L at the rapid growth period. The maximum peroxidase activity reached 155.2 U/ (g FW. Min), the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase reached the maximum value and the soluble sugar content reached the maximum value of 0.326. waste. The P values of water concentration on reed peroxidase activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content were less than 0.05, indicating that reed peroxidase activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content of reed were significantly different after irrigation with different concentrations. Wastewater irrigation would make reed peroxidase activity, The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and the content of soluble sugar changed significantly. The rapid growth period irrigation wastewater could improve the activity of reed peroxidase and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and increase the soluble sugar content. The activity of chemical oxygen demand in papermaking wastewater, the activity of reed peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and soluble sugar There was a significant or very significant positive correlation between the content and the correlation coefficient, and the correlation coefficient was above 0.90. The concentration of wastewater and the soluble sugar content of reed showed a logarithmic relationship, and the activity of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase showed a linear correlation. (3) the cellulose, lignin and ash in the reed plants were generally made after the paper wastewater irrigation. In the same irrigation period, the content of cellulose, lignin and ash in the same irrigation period increased with the increase of wastewater concentration, reached the maximum value under the irrigation of 300mg/L wastewater, and the water control group was the least, and the water control group was significantly smaller than the wastewater irrigation group (P0.05); the reed cellulose and lignin were made in the rapid growth period of irrigation 300mg/L. The content of paper wastewater is the best, the maximum value of cellulose content is 45.41%, the maximum value of lignin is 25.54%. The content of paper mill wastewater with 300mg/L in the mature period is the best. The ash content reaches the maximum value of the 3.55%. paper waste water, which is significant between the fiber characteristics of reed cellulose, lignin, ash and so on. There is a very significant positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.85. The chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater has a binomial relationship with the reed cellulose and lignin concentration, which has a logarithmic relationship with ash, fiber length, fiber length and width ratio and one element linear correlation with the fiber width. Content of composition. (4) after irrigation, the length of reed fiber, fiber width and fiber length width ratio became larger. The length of reed fiber, fiber width and fiber length width ratio increased with the increase of wastewater concentration in the same irrigation period. The fiber length, width, length width ratio of 300mg/L wastewater irrigation reached the maximum, and the water was compared with the water. The length of reed fiber, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were the best, the fiber length reached the maximum value of 1.49mm, fiber width was 10.35um, fiber length width ratio was 143.96. wastewater concentration to reed fiber length and width, the width of reed fiber length, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were the best. The length of reed fiber length, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were the best, fiber length reached 1.49mm, fiber width was 10.35um, fiber length and width ratio was 143.96. wastewater concentration. The P value of the variance result of the ratio of long width ratio is less than 0.05. It shows that the length, width and length width ratio of reed fiber are significant difference after irrigation with different concentration of wastewater. Wastewater irrigation will cause the length, width and fiber length width ratio of reed fiber significantly. The wastewater from rapid growth period irrigation will help the elongation and widening of reed fiber. There is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the concentration of COD and the length, width ratio of reed fiber, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.90. The concentration of waste water has a logarithmic relationship with fiber length, fiber length and width ratio, and a linear correlation with fiber width. (5) reed fiber characteristics, such as reed cellulose and lignin, have a linear correlation with fiber width. Ash, fiber length, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were significantly or significantly positively correlated with plant height in the physiological indexes of reed, while lignin, ash, fiber length, fiber width and reed stem diameter, internode length, internode number, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content were not significant, and reed lignin, The correlation between fiber width and reed peroxidase activity is not significant. Fiber characteristics of reed fiber, fiber length width ratio and Reed Growth Physiological Index stem diameter, internode length, internode number, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, soluble sugar content is significant or very significant positive correlation. Reed fiber characteristics index ash, fiber length and reed birth The peroxidase activity in the Naga Mori index showed a significant positive correlation. In order to further clarify the influence factors of reed cellulose, lignin, ash, fiber length and fiber width, the stepwise regression analysis was carried out between the factors and the factors, and the activity of peroxidase was found to affect the cellulose of reed. The main factors of quality and ash (P0.05). (6) after the principal component analysis, it is clear that the best irrigation period and the concentration of the reed growth physiology and the concentration of the irrigated wastewater are 300mg/L in the rapid growth period of the papermaking wastewater (C1C), the control group is the lowest in the 16 irrigation methods, indicating that no paper is made. The composition, shape and influence factors of reed fiber in wastewater irrigation did not achieve ideal results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S273.5;S564.2

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