發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-18 00:33

  本文選題：蘿卜蚜 + 桃蚜　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大白菜是北方地區(qū)冬貯數(shù)量最大的蔬菜,同時(shí)也是我國目前種植面積最大的蔬菜之一。為了更好的適應(yīng)城鎮(zhèn)居民對(duì)于“菜籃子”農(nóng)產(chǎn)品“更鮮活、更優(yōu)質(zhì)、更有營養(yǎng)和無蟲害”的消費(fèi)食用的要求,各地在生產(chǎn)中更加注重產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高,綠色有機(jī)蔬菜的種植比率逐年升高。但田間病蟲害的發(fā)生量及病蟲殘余物的量也有上升趨勢。因此,本論文基于大白菜生長期蟲害的發(fā)生情況,結(jié)合北方冬儲(chǔ)白菜的病蟲殘余物,開展了大白菜生長期蟲害的發(fā)生情況調(diào)查及冬貯期病蟲殘余物污染性調(diào)查和安全性評(píng)估,為大白菜的安全生產(chǎn),也為我國的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管提供一定的理論支持和決策性服務(wù)。主要結(jié)果如下:搜集了2005年至2016年大白菜田間小菜蛾發(fā)生情況的數(shù)據(jù),并與氣象因子做了相關(guān)性分析,所使用的分析方法為隨機(jī)森林(RandomForest)算法。根據(jù)隨機(jī)森林模型的分析結(jié)果我們可以得出,在影響小菜蛾發(fā)生程度的各氣象因子中,“平均氣溫”與小菜蛾的發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)度最高。另外,“平均相對(duì)濕度”對(duì)小菜蛾的發(fā)生也起到了一定的作用。2015年山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)試驗(yàn)田調(diào)查顯示,8月份與9月份為大白菜蟲害盛發(fā)期,十月起蟲害發(fā)生量逐步降低;但是隨著溫度的降低菜蚜的發(fā)生比率隨之上升。與普通大白菜相比,幾種常見的大白菜害蟲在有機(jī)大白菜上發(fā)生更加嚴(yán)重,其中以菜蚜最為明顯。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)儲(chǔ)存期大白菜儲(chǔ)存溫度在5℃以上時(shí)病蟲殘余物更容易危害到大白菜品質(zhì)。通過量化不同種病蟲殘余物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值,構(gòu)建了大白菜病蟲殘余物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析模型,利用病蟲殘余物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)學(xué)模型可以得出,大白菜病蟲殘余物對(duì)大白菜的品質(zhì)存在不同程度的影響,其中大白菜軟腐病病殘?bào)w、大白菜黑斑病病殘?bào)w、大白菜霜霉病病殘?bào)w的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值分別為0.68、1.26、0.24;蚜蟲、菜青蟲、小菜蛾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值分別為:0.82、0.34、0.32。由以上數(shù)據(jù)可以得出,大白菜黑斑病病殘?bào)w對(duì)儲(chǔ)藏期大白菜品質(zhì)影響為中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而其他病蟲殘余物為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:Chinese cabbage is the largest vegetable stored in winter in northern China, and is also one of the most cultivated vegetables in China. In order to better meet the requirements of urban residents for the consumption and consumption of "vegetable basket" agricultural products that are more fresh, better quality, more nutritious and free from pests, all localities pay more attention to the improvement of product quality in production. The planting rate of green organic vegetables is increasing year by year. However, the occurrence of disease and insect pests and the amount of pest residues also increased. Therefore, based on the occurrence of insect pests in the growing period of Chinese cabbage and combined with the residue of disease and insect in winter storage in the north of China, the investigation on the occurrence of pests and diseases in the growing period of Chinese cabbage and the pollution investigation and safety assessment of the pest residue in winter storage period were carried out in this paper. It provides some theoretical support and decision-making service for the safety production of Chinese cabbage and the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products in China. The main results are as follows: the data of Plutella xylostella in the field from 2005 to 2016 were collected, and the correlation analysis was made with meteorological factors. The analysis method used was RandomForestalgorithm of random forest. According to the results of random forest model, we can conclude that among the meteorological factors affecting the occurrence degree of Plutella xylostella, the "mean temperature" has the highest correlation with the occurrence of Plutella xylostella. In addition, "average relative humidity" also played a certain role in the occurrence of Plutella xylostella. The investigation of Shandong Agricultural University experiment field in 2015 showed that August and September were the peak period of Chinese cabbage pests, and the number of pests gradually decreased in October. But with the decrease of temperature, the occurrence rate of aphid increased. Compared with common Chinese cabbage, several common pests of Chinese cabbage are more serious in organic Chinese cabbage, especially the aphid. It was found that when the storage temperature of Chinese cabbage was above 5 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2033160