本文選題：枸杞島 + 海藻場��； 參考：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：褐藻門(Phylum Phaeophyta)、綠藻門(Phylum Chlorophyta)等大型海藻是近岸海域重要的初級生力來源,在一些海域還會形成多年生大型海藻覆蓋的海藻場、海藻床,廣泛分布于世界溫、寒帶海洋潮下巖礁質海岸帶[1]。海藻場為很多小型魚類和經(jīng)濟魚類幼魚提供了良好的生長繁殖,躲避敵害的環(huán)境,也是以大型藻類為生的螺貝類、海膽等大型底棲動物和附著生物的高度聚集地。大型海藻在近岸固定大量氮、磷等營養(yǎng)鹽,對海水富營養(yǎng)化有一定緩解作用,有良好的凈化水體、抑制赤潮的作用,并對改善近海水質恢復經(jīng)濟魚類棲息地建設有一定幫助,具有很高的生態(tài)價值和經(jīng)濟價值。巖礁底質大型海藻著生的海藻場食物網(wǎng)中,以大型底棲動物物為代表的初級消費者作為連接生產(chǎn)者-消費者的重要生物群落,是研究海藻場食物網(wǎng)能量流動的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)。底棲動物在水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)食物網(wǎng)中扮演著“中間人”的角色。一方面,底棲動物以底泥中的營養(yǎng)有機質為食物來源,且在翻動過程中擾動水流,加速水流的自凈化過程,最終達到改善水質營養(yǎng)環(huán)境的效果。另一方面,大型底棲動物作為消費者直接攝食大型海藻,消化排泄加速海藻分解碎屑化,為海藻場貢獻了大量的有機碎屑,作為海藻場初級生產(chǎn)力的重要來源支撐了海藻場內的高物種豐富度。并隨海流輸送至臨近島礁海域、近岸河口、外海,為整個海區(qū)物種豐富度、種類多樣性的提高提供重要基礎,并有大量海藻碎屑降入海底沉積物中,豐富了海底沉積物的種類[2]。本研究以海藻場底棲食物網(wǎng)關鍵種為切入點,應用碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素技術,分析海藻的自然分解過程,探明海藻場底棲食物網(wǎng)能量流動的關鍵環(huán)節(jié),解析藻場優(yōu)勢種群,尤其是螺類對生境的利用策略,以期為枸杞島海藻場食物網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定同位素研究及海藻場生物資源養(yǎng)護提供數(shù)據(jù)支持,研究結果如下:1.對枸杞島大型海藻優(yōu)勢種孔石莼(U.pertusa)、細枝軟骨藻(C.tenuissima)、舌狀蜈蚣藻(G.livida)、瓦氏馬尾藻(S.vachellianum)、羊棲菜(H.fusifarme)凋落物的分解過程進行模擬,實驗測定分解過程中凋落物有機C含量、有機N含量、C/N和C、N穩(wěn)定同位素值。海藻凋落物δ13C、δ15N值隨時間變化趨勢變化較復雜,根據(jù)凋落物碎屑化過程中不同的分解主導因素,我們將枸杞島夏季大型海藻凋落物大致分為淋溶分解期(0-11天)和微生物分解期(11-42天)。經(jīng)分析計算,在構建海藻場食物網(wǎng)時,海藻凋落物δ15N值在分解過程中有一定的變動,對同時攝食海藻植株和海藻碎屑的雜食性的初級消費者營養(yǎng)級造成0.4左右偏差。2.營養(yǎng)富集度(trophic fraction)是依托同位素技術計算生物營養(yǎng)級時必不可少的重要基礎數(shù)據(jù)。以海藻場四種大型海藻為餌料,選擇枸杞島海藻場大型植食性底棲動物角蠑螺(Torbo cornutus)為研究目標種,進行長時間單一餌料喂養(yǎng)試驗,得出角蠑螺不同取樣部位碳、氮富集度差別較大,腹足肌肉碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素富集度分別為2.5‰和1.0‰;胃部碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素富集度分別為4.1‰和0.8‰。并分析在不同喂養(yǎng)時間角蠑螺體內碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素的變化情況及波動原因。3.為厘清海藻場大型底棲動物對生境的利用策略,設計雙餌料正交攝食實驗,分析海藻場大型底棲動物代表種角蠑螺對潛在食物四種大型海藻的攝食偏好,結果為:細枝軟骨藻瓦氏馬尾藻舌狀蜈蚣藻孔石莼。以角蠑螺攝食器官齒舌為研究對象,現(xiàn)場采集海藻場大型底棲動物角蠑螺進行分析,得出形態(tài)學特征與攝食器官齒舌的關系:按相關性排列依次為總重殼口高殼高殼寬,并綜合分析角蠑螺的攝食習慣。
[Abstract]:The Phylum Phaeophyta, the green algae gate (Phylum Chlorophyta) and other large algae are an important source of primary energy in the coastal waters. In some waters, there will be perennial large algae covered seaweed fields, the algae bed, widely distributed at the world temperature, and the [1]. seaweed field of the reef coastal zone under the cold sea tide is a large number of small fish and economy. Fish larvae provide good growth and reproduction, evade the environment of the enemy, and also the high aggregation of large benthic and attached organisms such as sea urchins, such as large algae, and a large number of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, can relieve the eutrophication of sea water, have a good purification water and restrain the red tide. It is helpful to the improvement of coastal water quality to restore economic fish habitat. It has high ecological value and economic value. In the marine algae field food network of large reef bottom seaweed, the primary consumer, represented by large benthic animals as the connected producer - the important biological community of consumers, is the study of the sea. The key link of energy flow in the food network of the algae field. Benthic animals play the role of "middleman" in the water ecosystem food network. On the one hand, the benthic animals use the nutrient organic matter in the sediment as the food source, and disturbance of water in the process of the movement, accelerate the self purification process of the water flow, and finally achieve the effect of improving the water quality and nutrition environment. On the other hand, the large benthic animals feed the large algae directly as consumers, and the digestion and excretion accelerates the decomposition of algae and contributes a lot of organic debris to the seaweed field. As an important source of the primary productivity of the algae field, it supports the high species richness in the algae field and is transported to the sea area near the island and reef along with the sea stream. It provides an important basis for the diversity of species richness and species diversity in the entire sea area, and a large amount of seaweed debris has been reduced into the sediments of the sea bottom, enriching the species of seafloor sediments [2].. This study was based on the key species of the benthic food network of the algae field, and applied carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technology to analyze the natural decomposition process of algae. The key link of the energy flow in the benthic food network of the algae field is to analyze the dominant species of the algae field, especially the utilization strategy of the snails, in order to provide data support for the stable isotope study of the food network of the Lycium barbarum and the conservation of the biological resources of the algae field. The results are as follows: 1. the dominant species of Ulva (U.pertusa The decomposition process of C.tenuissima, G.livida, S.vachellianum and H.fusifarme was simulated. The contents of organic C, organic N content, C/N and C, and N stable isotopes in the decomposition process were measured. The variation trend of delta 13C, Delta 15N values of seaweed litter changes with time The large seaweed litter in summer of Lycium barbarum is roughly divided into 0-11 days (0-11 days) and microbial decomposition period (11-42 days) according to the different decomposition dominant factors in the process of litter degradation. The omnivorous primary consumer nutrition level that feeding seaweed plants and seaweed detritus caused about 0.4 deviation.2. nutrient enrichment (trophic fraction) is an essential basic data for calculating biotrophic level based on isotopic technology. Four kinds of seaweed species in seaweed field are used as bait for large phytophagous benthos in Lycium barbarum island. The animal horns salamander (Torbo cornutus) was used as the target species to study a long time single feed feeding test. It was found that the concentration of carbon in different sampling parts of the salamander was different, the concentration of carbon and nitrogen isotopes of the gastropods were 2.5 per thousand and 1 per thousand, respectively, and the concentration of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the stomach were 4.1 and 0.8 per thousand, respectively. The change of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the salamander spiral body with the same feeding time and the cause of the fluctuation.3. were to clarify the utilization strategy of the macrozoobenthos in the seaweed field, designed the orthogonal feeding experiment of the double bait, and analyzed the feeding preference of the large benthic zoobenthos of the macrozoobenthos on the potential food four kinds of macroalgae. Bone algae Sargassum vachellianum livid Grateloupia u.pertusa. With turbo cornutus feeding organ radula as the research object, collecting seaweed benthic animal from angle analysis, obtained the relationship between morphology and feeding organ radula: according to the order of the total weight of the high correlation between shell shell height shell width, feeding habits and comprehensive analysis from angle.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S931.1

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