本文選題：凌源市 + 越冬栽培　； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文選取"遼寧日光溫室黃瓜生產(chǎn)第一縣"遼寧省朝陽(yáng)凌源市的三戶日光溫室黃瓜越冬栽培高產(chǎn)典型,對(duì)溫室內(nèi)環(huán)境情況和溫室結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究。旨在總結(jié)凌源市黃瓜高產(chǎn)的典型環(huán)境調(diào)控經(jīng)驗(yàn)參數(shù),經(jīng)分析找出其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),優(yōu)化后作為凌源市越冬黃瓜高產(chǎn)栽培環(huán)境調(diào)控辦法進(jìn)行推廣。為達(dá)到同步、持續(xù)采集和遠(yuǎn)距離觀測(cè)溫室內(nèi)多項(xiàng)環(huán)境參數(shù),進(jìn)行三棟溫室的同步比較的目的,本試驗(yàn)定制了智能物聯(lián)溫室參數(shù)采集系統(tǒng)。在三棟溫室內(nèi)同時(shí)安裝該系統(tǒng)并進(jìn)行環(huán)境參數(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)和收集。選取溫室內(nèi)溫度管理、光環(huán)境管理、水環(huán)境管理、二氧化碳濃度變化管理進(jìn)行分析并得出結(jié)論:1、午間高溫和夜間適溫是凌源黃瓜高產(chǎn)的典型環(huán)境調(diào)控手段。環(huán)境溫度在午間平均溫度高達(dá)40℃,在采收期前持續(xù)0.18-0.71h,在采收期間平均最低高溫持續(xù)時(shí)長(zhǎng)為1.4h。夜溫調(diào)控上,在"蹲苗"期間平均揭蓋簾溫度控制在12℃。在結(jié)果期揭簾溫度不低于15℃,蓋簾溫度不低于18℃。土壤溫度在日間和月間均無(wú)顯著變化。平均土壤溫度最低為19℃滿足黃瓜根系發(fā)育所需。2、凌源地區(qū)溫室內(nèi)光環(huán)境適宜,越冬期間最低午間光照強(qiáng)度在35klx以上滿足黃瓜越冬生長(zhǎng)所需。在光照時(shí)間調(diào)控上保證晴天最低8h以上的植株見光時(shí)長(zhǎng)。3、溫室內(nèi)濕度環(huán)境較差,越冬期間平均溫室相對(duì)濕度85%以上持續(xù)時(shí)間在15h以上。飽和濕度持續(xù)時(shí)間在12h以上。極易爆發(fā)高濕病害。為保證植株在午間高溫管理時(shí)不受到傷害,凌源溫室午間高溫持續(xù)時(shí)溫室內(nèi)平均相對(duì)濕度最低維持在57%以上。土壤濕度環(huán)境穩(wěn)定,在日間和月間均無(wú)顯著變化。由于農(nóng)戶在滴灌的灌水量和灌水次數(shù)上運(yùn)用不合理,或使用膜下漫灌的錯(cuò)誤灌溉方式導(dǎo)致三棟土壤濕度在48%左右,并不能滿足黃瓜的根系需求。4、凌源日光溫室黃瓜越冬生產(chǎn)使用CO_2氣肥還不普遍,在午間高溫防風(fēng)前施用二氧化碳肥是凌源黃瓜進(jìn)一步高產(chǎn)的潛力所在。在溫室結(jié)構(gòu)方面,對(duì)溫室的熱特性和采光特性并得出結(jié)論:1、熱特性:凌源溫室以墻體75%以上的有效蓄熱率為溫室提供良好的保溫蓄熱能力。溫室的保溫結(jié)構(gòu)不統(tǒng)一,后坡建造缺陷嚴(yán)重有效蓄熱率2%左右導(dǎo)致溫室的升溫能力不統(tǒng)一影響溫環(huán)境的變化。2、采光特性:凌源用于黃瓜越冬生產(chǎn)的日光溫室日平均透光率在75.6%～83.7%,采光結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的不統(tǒng)一、屋面形狀不合理導(dǎo)致的光照損失對(duì)各溫室采光效果產(chǎn)生一定影響。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three solar greenhouse cucumbers of Liaoning Province, the first county of Liaoning solar greenhouse, which are the first county of Liaoning Province, are selected to study the high yield of Cucumber in the greenhouse, and the environment conditions and the structure of the greenhouse are investigated. The purpose is to sum up the typical environmental regulation and control parameters of the high yield of Cucumber in Lingyuan, and to find out the advantages and disadvantages after the analysis. In order to achieve synchronization, continuous collection and remote observation of many indoor environmental parameters, the purpose of synchronized comparison between three greenhouses was carried out for the purpose of synchronizing the environmental parameters of the high yield cultivation in Lingyuan. In this experiment, the intelligent material collection system was customized. The system was installed at the same time and the environmental parameters were monitored at the same time in three warm rooms. The temperature management, light environment management, water environment management and the change management of carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse were analyzed and the conclusion was drawn as follows: 1, middle afternoon temperature and night temperature are typical environmental control means for high yield of Cucumber in Lingyuan. The average temperature of the environment is up to 40 C in the midday average temperature, and it continues to be 0.18-0.71h in the harvest period before the harvest period. The average minimum temperature of the average minimum temperature was controlled by 1.4h. night temperature. The average cover temperature of the cover curtain was controlled at 12 C during the "seedling" period. In the result period, the curtain temperature was not less than 15, and the cover temperature was not less than 18. The soil temperature was not significantly changed between day and month. The lowest average soil temperature was 19 centigrade to meet the needs of cucumber root development, Lingyuan land. In the greenhouse, the light environment is suitable, and the lowest noon light intensity is more than 35klx to meet the growth of the cucumber over wintering during the overwintering period. In the light time regulation, the plant that ensures the minimum 8h above the sunshine time is.3, the humidity in the greenhouse is poor, the average relative humidity of the greenhouse is over 85% over 15h during the winter, and the saturated humidity continues. The time is above 12h. High humidity is easy to break out. In order to ensure that the plant is not hurt in the midday high temperature management, the average relative humidity in the warm room temperature of Lingyuan greenhouse is maintained at least 57%. The soil moisture environment is stable, and there is no significant change between day and month. The use of improper irrigation, or the use of wrong irrigation under the membrane flooding, causes three soil moisture to be about 48%, and it can not meet the root demand of cucumber.4. The use of CO_2 gas fertilizer in the winter production of Cucumber in Lingyuan solar greenhouse is not universal. The application of carbon dioxide fertilizer to the high yield of Cucumber in the midday high temperature windbreak is the potential for the further high yield of Cucumber in the greenhouse. In terms of structure, the thermal characteristics and lighting characteristics of greenhouse are concluded as follows: 1, thermal characteristics: Lingyuan greenhouse provides good heat preservation and storage capacity for the greenhouse with more than 75% of the effective heat storage rate of the wall. The heat preservation structure of the greenhouse is not uniform, the serious effective heat storage rate of the rear slope construction defect is 2% left right and the warming ability of the greenhouse does not affect the temperature environment unify. Variation.2, lighting characteristics: the daily average transmittance of the sunlight greenhouse used in the greenhouse production of Cucumber in Lingyuan is 75.6% to 83.7%, the design of the lighting structure is not unified, and the light loss caused by the unreasonable roof shape has a certain effect on the greenhouse effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S626;S642.2
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本文編號(hào)：2009633