本文選題：甘藍(lán) + 根腫病�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：結(jié)球甘藍(lán)(Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.)簡稱甘藍(lán),十字花科蕓薹屬作物,是我國主要的蔬菜作物之一。根腫病是由蕓薹根腫菌(Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.)侵染引起的一種世界性的土傳病害,主要危害十字花科作物。近年來,甘藍(lán)根腫病呈現(xiàn)迅速蔓延趨勢,給甘藍(lán)的安全生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重威脅。蕎麥(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)是蓼科(Polygonaceae)蕎麥屬(Fagopyrum Mill.)的雙子葉禾谷類作物,前期對(duì)重慶市涪陵區(qū)大木鄉(xiāng)根腫病發(fā)病區(qū)調(diào)研以及田間試驗(yàn)表明,蕎麥與甘藍(lán)輪作對(duì)根腫病的防控具有良好的效果,但是具體的抑病機(jī)理尚不了解。本研究通過室內(nèi)人工接種根腫菌,采用蕎麥根系分泌液灌根法,分析蕎麥對(duì)甘藍(lán)根腫病的抑制效果,并通過甘藍(lán)根際土壤理化性質(zhì)、土壤酶類、甘藍(lán)根腫病發(fā)生相關(guān)基因和根系生長發(fā)育相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的變化,來揭示蕎麥抑制根腫病的作用機(jī)理,為今后甘藍(lán)根腫病防控提供新思路和新方法。研究結(jié)果如下:1、蕎麥根系分泌液對(duì)甘藍(lán)根腫病發(fā)生的影響本研究顯示,蕎麥根系分泌液灌溉處理接種根腫病的甘藍(lán),其甘藍(lán)根腫病發(fā)病率(80%)和病情指數(shù)(40.83)顯著低于用營養(yǎng)液灌溉處理的甘藍(lán)根腫病發(fā)病率(100%)和病情指數(shù)(62.12),能誘導(dǎo)苗期甘藍(lán)對(duì)根腫病產(chǎn)生抗性,誘抗指數(shù)為34.27%。這說明蕎麥根系分泌物能一定程度上減緩甘藍(lán)根腫病的發(fā)生。同時(shí),灌溉蕎麥根系分泌液能提高甘藍(lán)單株鮮重、根長及須根重,這說明蕎麥根系分泌液對(duì)甘藍(lán)植株的生長有一定促進(jìn)效果。2、蕎麥根系分泌液對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)和土壤酶類的影響本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),接種根腫病的甘藍(lán)灌溉蕎麥根系分泌液處理與灌溉營養(yǎng)液處理相比,甘藍(lán)根際土壤堿解氮含量降低、土壤有效硼含量增加、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性增加、土壤蔗糖酶活性增加、土壤脲酶活性增加。甘藍(lán)根腫病病情指數(shù)與根際土壤酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤全磷含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與土壤過氧化氫酶活性呈極顯著正相關(guān)。3、蕎麥根系分泌液對(duì)甘藍(lán)根部基因表達(dá)的影響本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),接種根腫病的甘藍(lán)被灌溉蕎麥根系分泌液后,與甘藍(lán)根腫病發(fā)生相關(guān)PR1、PR3、PR4、PR5、LOX2、PDF1.2基因表達(dá)提前,且表達(dá)量顯著高于灌溉營養(yǎng)液處理。而且,灌溉蕎麥根系分泌液的甘藍(lán)植株接種根腫菌后,與根系生長發(fā)育相關(guān)的基因NIT2和CDKA;1在根腫病發(fā)病早期表達(dá)量顯著高于營養(yǎng)液處理,發(fā)病后期表達(dá)量低于營養(yǎng)液處理。這說明蕎麥可能通過SA/JA途徑來防御甘藍(lán)根腫病,其通過促進(jìn)病程相關(guān)基因提前表達(dá),促進(jìn)早期根系生長發(fā)育相關(guān)基因的表達(dá),促進(jìn)甘藍(lán)生長發(fā)育提高植株健壯度增加抗病性,降低根腫病發(fā)病后期生長相關(guān)基因表達(dá),延緩腫根的形成。綜上所述,蕎麥根系分泌液灌溉處理能夠抑制根腫病的發(fā)生,主要是通過降低土壤堿解氮含量,增加土壤有效硼含量促進(jìn)甘藍(lán)根系發(fā)育,提高土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性增加土壤肥力促進(jìn)植株生長等方面達(dá)到減緩根腫病發(fā)生;同時(shí),蕎麥根系分泌液灌溉處理能通過誘導(dǎo)植物SA、JA途徑相關(guān)基因的提前表達(dá),增加各基因mRNA積累量,誘導(dǎo)植株系統(tǒng)抗病反應(yīng),提高植株抗病性;甘藍(lán)根腫病發(fā)病早期促進(jìn)甘藍(lán)植株生長發(fā)育,提高抗病能力,降低發(fā)病后期生長素和細(xì)胞分裂素含量,延緩腫根的形成。
[Abstract]:Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L. (Brassica L.var.capitata L.) is one of the main vegetable crops in China. The root swelling is a worldwide soil borne disease caused by the infection of Brassica (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.), and it is mainly harmful to the cruciferous crops. In recent years, the disease of cabbage root is presented. The rapid spread trend is a serious threat to the safe production of cabbage. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) is a dicotyledonous cereal crop of Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae) buckwheat (Fagopyrum Mill.). In the earlier period, the investigation on the root of root swelling in Da Mu Xiang, Fuling District, Chongqing and field test showed that the buckwheat and Brassica oleracea rotations were resistant to root swelling. Control has good effect, but the specific mechanism of disease suppression is not yet understood. In this study, the inhibitory effect of buckwheat on the root swelling of cabbage was analyzed by artificial inoculation of rhizomatosis in indoor and root secretion of buckwheat root secretion, and the related genes and root growth of the soil enzymes, cabbage root swelling and the growth and development of the rhizomatosis in the rhizosphere of Brassica kale were analyzed. The changes of related gene expression to reveal the mechanism of buckwheat to inhibit root swelling and provide new ideas and new methods for the prevention and control of cabbage root swelling in the future. The results are as follows: 1, the effect of buckwheat root secretion on the occurrence of cabbage root swelling showed that the root secretion of Buckwheat root secretion was irrigated with Brassica kale and its root swelling disease. The incidence (80%) and the disease index (40.83) were significantly lower than the incidence of Brassica rhizomatosis (100%) and disease index (62.12) treated with nutrient solution irrigation. It could induce the resistance of cabbage to root swelling, and the inducement index was 34.27%.. The root exudates of buckwheat could slow down the occurrence of Brassica root swelling to some extent. The secretory fluid could improve the fresh weight, root length and fibrous weight of cabbage, which indicated that the root secretion of buckwheat root secretion has a certain effect on the growth of cabbage plant.2. The effect of buckwheat root secretion on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzymes found that the root secreting of root swelling disease was inoculated with buckwheat root secretion solution and irrigation nutrient solution. In comparison, the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of cabbage was reduced, the content of available boron in soil increased, the activity of soil acid phosphatase increased, the activity of invertase in soil increased and the soil urease activity increased. The index of the disease index of cabbage root swelling was negatively correlated with the activity of acid phosphatase and the total phosphorus in soil, and the activity of soil catalase. A very significant positive correlation.3, the effect of buckwheat root secretion on the gene expression in the root of Brassica oleracea has been studied. It was found that after the root exudation of the buckwheat root was irrigated with root swelling, PR1, PR3, PR4, PR5, LOX2, PDF1.2 gene expression was related to the occurrence of cabbage root swelling, and the expression of the PDF1.2 gene was significantly higher than that of the irrigated nutrient solution. The gene NIT2 and CDKA associated with root growth and development after the inoculation of the secretory broth plants, the genes NIT2 and CDKA related to the growth and development of root system; the expression amount in the early stage of the disease was significantly higher than that of the nutrient solution, and the expression amount in the late onset was lower than that of the nutrient solution. This suggests that the buckwheat may defend the Gump root swelling through the SA/JA pathway, and it can promote the related genes by promoting the disease course. Forward expression, promoting the expression of the early root growth and development related genes, promoting the growth and development of the cabbage to increase the plant robustness and increasing the disease resistance, reducing the expression of the growth related genes in the late stage of the disease, and postponing the formation of the swelling root. In summary, the irrigation treatment of buckwheat root secretion can inhibit the occurrence of root swelling, mainly by reducing soil. The content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, increasing the content of available boron in soil promoted the development of root of cabbage, increased the activity of soil acid phosphatase, urease and invertase, increased soil fertility and promoted plant growth. At the same time, the irrigation treatment of buckwheat root secretion could pass the early expression of related genes of plant SA and JA pathway through the irrigation treatment of the root secretion of buckwheat. Increase the amount of mRNA accumulation of each gene, induce plant system resistance to disease and improve plant disease resistance; Brassica root swelling in the early stage promoted the growth and development of cabbage plant, increased the resistance to disease, reduced the content of auxin and cytokinin in the late stage of the disease, and delayed the formation of swollen root.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S436.35

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4 譚，

本文編號(hào)：2007421