本文選題：氮沉降 + 氮組分　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,對化石燃料和肥料的大量消耗導(dǎo)致大氣氮沉降速率逐年增加并成為全球氣候變化的重要組成部分。從1980s到2000s,氮沉降量呈現(xiàn)逐年增長的趨勢,研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示增加量大約為0.41KgNha-1yr-1,且發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)要高于偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。除了氮沉降量發(fā)生巨大變化外,氮沉降組分的變化也成為科研聚焦點(diǎn)和人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。氮沉降組分中的無機(jī)氮成分,如NO3-和NH4+的生態(tài)環(huán)境影響已有大量研究,而對有機(jī)氮成分(胺、烴、氨基酸等)及其生態(tài)效應(yīng)卻了解較少。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以東北地區(qū)的松嫩鹽堿化草地為研究對象,結(jié)合野外實(shí)地模擬和室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了模擬氮沉降量和組分變化對土壤酶活性的影響。本研究共設(shè)置兩個(gè)氮肥梯度:10 g N m-2 yr-1和20 g N m-2 yr-1;在每個(gè)氮肥水平上設(shè)計(jì)四種不同有機(jī)氮(尿素和甘氨酸)和無機(jī)氮(硝酸銨)的比例,分別為TIN(100%無機(jī)氮);LON(70%無機(jī)氮、30%有機(jī)氮);MON(30%無機(jī)氮、70%有機(jī)氮);HON(10%無機(jī)氮、90%有機(jī)氮)。除此之外設(shè)置一個(gè)無氮添加的對照處理。野外實(shí)驗(yàn)部分在隸屬于東北師范大學(xué)的松嫩草地生態(tài)研究站開展,采取原位取土盆栽方法,土柱取自鹽堿草地。室內(nèi)控制實(shí)驗(yàn)在學(xué)校的人工培養(yǎng)室內(nèi)進(jìn)行,利用培養(yǎng)箱對鹽堿土進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的主要結(jié)果有:(1)野外原位實(shí)驗(yàn),大部分酶(α-葡糖苷酶、堿性磷酸酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶等)在添加有機(jī)氮的處理下酶活性顯著高于只添加無機(jī)氮的處理,而大多數(shù)酶在MON處理時(shí)表現(xiàn)出最大酶活性。(2)氮添加水平對于土壤全氮和微生物碳有顯著作用,對土壤有機(jī)碳和土壤pH值沒有顯著影響;不同有機(jī)氮無機(jī)氮比例對四種土壤因子作用效果顯著,除了土壤有機(jī)碳外,對于其它三種土壤環(huán)境因子,氮添加水平和氮比例二者均存在交互作用。這些研究結(jié)果表明,氮肥添加水平和不同氮肥組分比例是微生物活性和酶活性的重要影響因子。(3)相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,大多數(shù)酶與土壤環(huán)境因子均有顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,擬合方程的結(jié)果多數(shù)為一元二次方程。(4)植被密度和地上生物量對于氮添加水平有顯著響應(yīng),在四個(gè)植被指標(biāo)方面,施氮水平和氮比例二者之間均不存在交互作用。對于物種數(shù)目來說,它們在不同有機(jī)、無機(jī)氮比例之間均不存在顯著性差異,植被高度在10 g N添加條件下,CK(對照)處理和TIN、LON、HON處理之間存在顯著差異。(5)室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)對照處理下的酶活性一般呈現(xiàn)先升高再下降然后又增長接著降低的趨勢,或者出現(xiàn)先增長后降低的變化過程。室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)氮處理?xiàng)l件下水解酶的活性多數(shù)在培養(yǎng)45天左右出現(xiàn)最大值。本研究結(jié)果顯示,氮添加水平和氮比例顯著改變松嫩草地微生物生物量和酶活性�，F(xiàn)有探究性實(shí)驗(yàn)在關(guān)注氮沉降速率對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)影響的同時(shí),也應(yīng)關(guān)注氮沉降組分變化及其相關(guān)生態(tài)學(xué)效應(yīng)。本研究結(jié)果有助于理解全球氣候變化背景下,尤其是氮沉降量和組分改變,松嫩草地關(guān)鍵資源生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)的響應(yīng)過程和趨勢。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and economy, the large consumption of fossil fuel and fertilizer has led to the increase of atmospheric nitrogen deposition rate and become an important part of global climate change. From 1980s to 2000s, the nitrogen deposition has been increasing year by year. The research data show that the increase is about 0.41KgNha-1yr-1, and the developed areas should be higher than the remote area. In addition to the great changes in nitrogen deposition, the changes in nitrogen deposition components have also become the focus of scientific research and the focus of attention. There has been a lot of research on the inorganic nitrogen components in the nitrogen deposition components, such as NO3- and NH4+, and less on the organic nitrogen components (amines, hydrocarbons, amidic acid and so on) and their ecological effects. In the northeastern region of Songnen saline alkali grassland, the effects of simulated nitrogen deposition and component changes on soil enzyme activity were studied in field simulation and indoor culture experiments. Two nitrogen fertilizer gradients were set up in this study: 10 g N m-2 yr-1 and 20 g N m-2 yr-1, and four different organic nitrogen (urea) were designed at each nitrogen level. The proportion of the glycine and the inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrate) are TIN (100% inorganic nitrogen), LON (70% inorganic nitrogen, 30% organic nitrogen), MON (30% inorganic nitrogen, 70% organic nitrogen), HON (10% inorganic nitrogen, 90% organic nitrogen). Besides this, a nitrogen free control treatment is set up. The field experiment part is in the Songnen grassland ecological research station of Northeast Normal University. The main results were: (1) the main results were as follows: (1) field in situ experiments, most of the enzymes (alpha glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and acetylglucosamine) The enzyme activity under the addition of organic nitrogen was significantly higher than that of only inorganic nitrogen, while most of the enzymes showed the maximum enzyme activity in MON treatment. (2) the nitrogen addition level had significant effect on soil nitrogen and microbial carbon, and had no significant influence on soil organic carbon and soil pH value; the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen was four. The effect of soil factors was significant. Besides soil organic carbon, there was interaction between the two other three soil environmental factors, nitrogen addition level and nitrogen ratio. These results showed that the nitrogen addition level and the proportion of different nitrogen fertilizer components were important factors of microbial activity and enzyme activity. (3) correlation analysis results. The results showed that most of the enzymes had significant correlation with soil environmental factors, and the results of the fitting equation were mostly two times equation. (4) the vegetation density and aboveground biomass have significant response to the nitrogen addition level. There is no interaction between the nitrogen application level and the nitrogen ratio in the four vegetation indices. For the number of species, the number of species is not interactive. There was no significant difference between the different organic and inorganic nitrogen ratios. There was a significant difference between the vegetation height and the TIN, LON, HON treatment under the condition of 10 g N addition. (5) the enzyme activity in the laboratory culture experiment was generally higher and then decreased then then decreased and then decreased, or appeared first. The results of this study showed that the nitrogen addition level and nitrogen ratio significantly changed the microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the Songnen grassland. The existing exploratory experiment was concerned with the effects of nitrogen deposition rate on the ecosystem. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the variation of nitrogen sedimentation components and their related ecological effects. The results of this study will help to understand the response process and trend of the biogeochemical cycle of the key resources of the Songnen grassland, especially in the background of global climate change, especially the change of nitrogen deposition and components.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812.2

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