本文選題：東方高原鰍 + 細(xì)尾高原鰍�。� 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：青藏高原地理環(huán)境特殊,氣候條件惡劣,高原鰍作為青藏高原魚類優(yōu)勢類群之一,相關(guān)研究并不多見,有關(guān)其消化系統(tǒng)方面研究更少。而消化系統(tǒng)是魚類對食物消化吸收的重要場所,也是生存和生長的基礎(chǔ)。本文運用常規(guī)解剖、光鏡、電鏡等技術(shù)對東方高原鰍(Triplophysa orientalis)、細(xì)尾高原鰍(T.stenura)和異尾高原鰍(T.stewarti)的消化道形態(tài)與組織結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較研究,分析魚類消化系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)差異性與食物組成的一致性,旨在為高原鰍屬魚類增養(yǎng)殖及種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)積累基礎(chǔ)生物學(xué)資料。實驗結(jié)果如下:1.消化道形態(tài)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)三種高原鰍的消化道均由口咽腔、食道、胃、腸組成�？谙挛�,胃為“U”型,無幽門盲囊,腸道較短,可分為前、中、后三個部分。東方高原鰍口裂較小,口咽腔較長;腸道較短,盤曲2次,比腸長為0.64±0.08。細(xì)尾高原鰍腸盤旋4次,比腸長數(shù)值最大,為0.70±0.06,與異尾高原鰍有顯著差異。異尾高原鰍胃長與消化道長比值最大,腸盤旋2次,比腸長最短,為0.51±0.07。2.消化道組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)消化道基本組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)一致,由內(nèi)向外分為4層:粘膜層、粘膜下層、肌層、漿膜。東方高原鰍、細(xì)尾高原鰍和異尾高原鰍食道內(nèi)表面分布有許多寬大的粘膜褶,粘膜上皮為多層扁平上皮,排列不規(guī)則。三種魚固有膜與粘膜下層之間分界均不明顯。實驗觀察,東方高原鰍食道的粘膜下層有許多縱行的平滑肌纖維束。肌層僅一層環(huán)肌,為橫紋肌。漿膜層均較薄,由間皮細(xì)胞和結(jié)締組織構(gòu)成,易脫落。胃上皮為典型的單層柱狀上皮,且粘膜層無杯狀細(xì)胞。僅賁門和胃體部有發(fā)達(dá)的單管狀腺體,胃腺細(xì)胞內(nèi)含有大量的酶原顆粒,幽門部無任何腺體。異尾高原鰍胃粘膜層相對高度大于東方高原鰍和細(xì)尾高原鰍,肌肉層相對厚度也比其他2種魚厚。前腸均分布有許多長條形粘膜褶,杯狀細(xì)胞豐富,粘膜下層為疏松結(jié)締組織,可見乳糜管,毛細(xì)血管等。肌層內(nèi)環(huán)外縱,漿膜層薄。前腸粘膜層為異尾高原鰍相對高度最大,肌肉層為東方高原鰍相對最厚。中腸基本組織結(jié)構(gòu)同前腸,紋狀緣變薄。中腸與后腸粘膜層相對厚度由大到小為異尾高原鰍細(xì)尾高原鰍東方高原鰍。肛門粘膜層為復(fù)層扁平上皮,肌層由一層厚厚的環(huán)肌支持。
[Abstract]:The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has a special geographical environment and a bad climate. As one of the dominant fish groups in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there are few related studies on the digestive system of Loach in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The digestive system is an important place for fish to digest and absorb food, and also the basis for survival and growth. In this paper, the morphology and structure of digestive tract of Triplophysa orientalis, T. stenura and T. stewartii were studied by routine anatomy, light microscope and electron microscope. The purpose of this study was to accumulate the basic biological data for the breeding and protection of the species of the genus Loach by analyzing the consistency between the structure of digestive system and the composition of food. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1. The digestive tract of three species of Loach consists of oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach and intestine. Lower mouth, stomach is U type, no pyloric blind sac, intestinal tract is short, can be divided into anterior, middle, the latter three parts. The oriental plateau Loach has smaller oral fissure and longer oropharynx cavity, and the intestinal tract is shorter, the disk curvature is 2 times, the specific intestinal length is 0.64 鹵0.08. The specific intestinal length was the largest (0.70 鹵0.06), which was significantly different from that of the heterotopic plateau Loach. The ratio of stomach length to digestive tract length of Loach was the largest, the intestinal rotation was twice, and the specific intestinal length was the shortest (0.51 鹵0.07.2). The basic histological structure of digestive tract is the same, which is divided into four layers from inside to out: mucosal layer, submucosal layer, muscular layer and serous membrane. There are many large mucosal folds in the esophagus of the Orient Plateau Loach, the Fine-tailed Plateau Loach and the Hetertail Plateau Loach. The mucosal epithelium is multilayer flat epithelium with irregular arrangement. The boundary between the lamina propria and the submucous membrane of the three species was not obvious. There are many longitudinal smooth muscle fiber bundles in the submucosa of Orient Plateau Loach. There is only one circular muscle in the muscular layer, which is the striated muscle. The serous layer is thin and consists of mesothelial cells and connective tissue. Gastric epithelium is a typical monolayer columnar epithelium with no goblet cells in the mucosal layer. There were developed single tubular glands in the cardia and gastric body. There were a large number of proenzyme granules in the gastric gland cells and no glands in the pyloric region. The relative height of gastric mucosal layer of Loach was higher than that of Orient Plateau Loach and Fine-tailed Plateau Loach, and the relative thickness of muscle layer was thicker than that of the other two species of fish. There were many long mucosal folds in the foregut, rich goblet cells, loose connective tissue in the submucosa, chylotubules, capillaries and so on. The inner ring of the muscular layer is longitudinal and the serous layer is thin. The antecedent mucosal layer was the largest relative height of the heterotopic plateau Loach, and the muscle layer was the thickest in the eastern plateau Loach. The basic tissue structure of the midgut is the same as that of the foregut, and the striate margin is thinned. The relative thickness of the mucosal layer between the midgut and the hindgut was from large to small to the eastern plateau Loach. The anal mucosal layer is a lamellar flat epithelium, and the muscular layer is supported by a thick loop muscle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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